茶皂素体外抗红色毛癣菌研究

为了研究茶皂素是否能抑制红色毛癣菌真菌生长以及抑制程度,采用牛津杯法,通过抑菌圈大小判断茶皂素是否存在抑制红色毛癣菌作用,结果表明红色毛癣菌对茶皂素敏感程度为高度敏感,后通过立体显微镜进一步验证茶皂素能破坏菌丝结构,导致菌丝断裂、自溶,茶皂素存在抑制红色毛癣菌作用.然后采用体外抑菌方法研究茶皂素抑制红色毛癣菌机制,茶皂素最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为50 mg/mL.茶皂素溶液浓度与菌丝径向生长抑制率成正比,100、50和25 mg/mL茶皂素溶液浓度径向生长抑制率分别为96.10％、76.90％和57.60％.茶皂素溶液浓度与孢子萌发率成反比,茶皂素溶液浓度为25、50和100 mg/mL时,孢子萌发率分别为47.82％、31.43％、11.70％.     

应用事件分析法对林业企业发行绿色债券市场效应的评价

在系统梳理绿色债券相关理论基础上,以16个二级行业为研究对象,运用事件分析法分析林业企业上市公司发行绿色债券与股价相关性、林业企业发行绿色债券的市场价值,探索发行绿色债券的林业企业市场效应。结果表明:绿色债券融资对提升公司长短期的市场价值具有重大影响,绿色债券融资是经济实体发展绿色经济的表现,是符合经济趋势和其自身发展趋势的行为。林业企业对绿色债券的发行,持积极股价效应,提升公司市场价值;由于其项目投融资的绿色性,对市场效应有更好的显著性和持续性,对绿色债券的发行表现出积极市场效应,提升企业市场价值。依据绿色债券理论和实践,并结合林业企业自身的生态特性,从林业企业发行绿色债券的政策制度、融资优势、自身特征三个方面,在详细阐述林业企业发行绿色债券可行性基础上,提出林业企业推动绿色债券发行相关建议:构建林业企业绿色债券制度规范、增强林业企业绿色债券融资意识、提高林业企业绿色债券运营能力、加强林业企业绿色债券人才建设。     

加强农业建设项目监管的对策建议∗ ——以中国热带农业科学院为例

文章介绍了农业科研院所基本建设项目管理的现状，并指出农业建设项目监管中存在管理制度建设不完善、建设项目实施管理不规范、管理队伍专业化程度不高等问题。该文指出建设单位要通过完善农业建设管理制度、强化农业建设项目的实施管理、提升管理队伍能力建设等举措，加强农业基本建设项目监管，全面强化在建项目法律风险防控。     

Responses of mass loss and nutrient release in litter decomposition to ultraviolet radiation

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in litter decomposition, but the direction and magnitude of its effect remain inconsistent. To determine the...     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

关于中国农产品区域品牌发展方向的思考

发展农产品区域品牌是推进农业供给侧结构性改革的有效路径,也是解决目前中国农业增产不增收、低质量均衡、产品同质化严重、市场供需结构性矛盾等一系列问题的关键措施。通过对农产品区域品牌文献的梳理,发现在农产品区域品牌发展中对其品牌定位、顶层设计、质量保证、农业文化遗产和种质资源保护等方面的研究还比较薄弱,需要在未来研究中给予重视,以进一步完善农产品区域品牌的理论研究。     

Genome-wide detection of selective signatures in a Jinhua pig population

The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome. These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits. In the present study, we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH) tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs. A total of 26 161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified, which occupied approximately 28% of the genome across all autosomes, and 1 158 significant(P0.01) core haplotypes were selected. Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits, including meat quality, reproduction, immune responses and exterior traits. A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2, KDM8, RABEP2, GSG1L, RHEB, RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values. The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome, and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.     

南瓜饲养榕树粉蚧的发育历期与生物学特征初报

榕树粉蚧是一种重要的入侵害虫,对果蔬和园林植物存在巨大的潜在威胁。为满足开展检疫处理、防控、生物学和生理学等研究的需要,本研究以南瓜为饲养材料,在室温条件下(26±1℃,RH 65%±5%)观察榕树粉蚧的生物学特性与发育历期。结果表明,榕树粉蚧具有典型的雌雄二型现象。雄虫主要经历卵、12龄若虫、预蛹、蛹、雄成虫阶段;雌虫经历卵、13龄若虫、雌成虫(产卵前期、产卵期)阶段,其发育历期(mean±SE)分别为8.51±0.03 d、9.79±0.09 d、7.46±0.10 d、6.52±0.11 d、12.13±0.11 d、8.16±0.11 d,世代发育历期54.4±0.25 d。雌成虫产卵量483651粒,平均550.87±51.07粒,卵期711 d,孵化率95.19%±0.75%。该研究结果表明榕树粉蚧繁殖能力强,应高度重视其防控工作。     

高温秸秆降解菌的筛选及其纤维素酶活性研究

筛选能在高温（55~75℃）好氧堆肥中高效降解纤维素的菌株，并评估其降解秸秆的能力与产纤维素酶的热稳定性。从高温期堆肥中采样，以水稻秸秆粉为唯一碳源，通过55、65℃和75℃连续高温传代驯化并分离筛选耐高温菌，结合水解圈和水稻秸秆崩解试验筛选不同高温下高效降解秸秆的目标菌株，采用16S rRNA测序和系统发育分析鉴定目标菌株分类地位，通过分析目标菌株纤维素降解相关酶在50~90℃之间的热稳定性，解析其高温适应性机制，评价其在实际生产中的应用潜力。高温驯化分离得到13株耐高温降解菌，其中B-5、B-6、B-7和B-11的纤维素和秸秆降解能力较强，而只有B-7和B-11在55~65℃和75℃具有高效降解水稻秸秆的能力，将其认定为目标菌株。系统发育分析表明B-7和B-11菌株与芽孢杆菌科高度相似，分别命名为短小芽孢杆菌B-7和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌B-11。酶活热稳定性分析发现B-7和B-11各纤维素酶活性在50~90℃之间先升高后降低，其最适温度范围不同，分别为55~65℃和70~80℃，其中B-11在85℃时的相对酶活仍高于60%。研究表明，菌株B-7和B-11是耐高温高效秸秆降解菌，其具有不同高温偏好性，纤维素酶热稳定性强，在秸秆高温好氧堆肥中具有潜在的应用前景。