油菜根系固土拉力的原位测定研究

应用锚杆拉力计和自行没计的剪切箱对不同根系密度的油菜根系固土能力在10 cm深度进行了原位测定.结果表明,当施加载荷达到3.5 kN时,生长有油菜的土壤样方1(根系密度为1.11 kg/m3)位移为38.0mm,生长有油菜的土壤样方2(根系密度为0.57 kg/m3)位移为46.0 mm,而裸土样方位移为49.7 mm.土壤样方内根系密度越大,达到土壤样方与土体分离的特征点所需要施加的载荷就越大.土壤样方1的屈服拉力点为3.5 kN,抗拉极限点为4.0 kN;而土壤样方2的屈服拉力点为3.1 kN,抗拉极限点为3.5 kN.该测定方法可以在水土保持上作为评价不同作物(植物)固土能力的有效参考手段.     

利用农民指标评估中国云南省坡地土壤耕作系统的可持续性研究

Diversity in the biophysical and socio-economic attributes of agricultural systems makes them uniquely niche based. Farmers are expert in local biophysical and socio-economic situations and can contribute in developing pragmatic indicators of agro-environmental development. During evaluation of an agricultural research project in Yunnan, China, local farmers were capable of evaluating the effects of modified technologies on existing cropping systems and discussed their attitudes to the interventions using their own indicators. Farmers’ response can be grouped into seven major aspects: i) effects on income, ii) effects on production resources, iii) effects on crop management, iv) existing local knowledge about the technology, v) availability of inputs, vi) access to information, and vii) socio-economic conditions of farming households. Farmers concluded that environmental conditions in the experimental catchment in comparison to an adjacent untreated catchment were better in terms of soil and water losses, vegetation cover and natural resources, infrastructures and catchment management, use of environmentally-friendly technologies, and crop productivity. Success in soil and water conservation programmes depends on the efforts of the farmers and other local users and their greater involvement helps to identify more pragmatic indicators. Furthermore, it increases ownership of the programme, enhances interactions with the project scientists, increases farmers’ awareness of agro-environmental problems and their possible consequences. These development will enable scientists to develop better targeted interventions and increase the likelihood of adoption of tested technologies by local communities. The use of paired adjacent catchments improved evaluation activities and is proposed as good practice for future catchment improvement programmes.     

油菜根系固土拉力的原位测定研究*

 应用锚杆拉力计和自行设计的剪切箱对不同根系密度的油菜根系固土能力在10cm深度进行了原位测定。结果表明,当施加载荷达到35kN时,生长有油菜的土壤样方1（根系密度为111kg/m3）位移为380mm,生长有油菜的土壤样方2（根系密度为057kg/m3）位移为460mm,而裸土样方位移为497mm。土壤样方内根系密度越大,达到土壤样方与土体分离的特征点所需要施加的载荷就越大。土壤样方1的屈服拉力点为35kN, 抗拉极限点为40kN;而土壤样方2的屈服拉力点为31kN,抗拉极限点为35kN。该测定方法可以在水土保持上作为评价不同作物（植物）固土能力的有效参考手段。     

玉米根系原位固土力学特性研究*

 通过采用自制的剪切箱和锚杆拉力计对玉米（云瑞8号,Zea mays.L）根系在10cm和20cm两个深度上和空地样方的固土能力进行了原位测定比较。结果表明,施加相同载荷时,两种深度空地样方位移大于有根玉米样方;20cm深度样方位移为4个样方中最小。作物扎根越深,达到剪切分离样方特征点所需的载荷越大。10cm玉米样方屈服拉力点载荷为2.7kN,抗拉极限点载荷为2.9kN;20cm玉米样方屈服拉力点载荷为3.6kN,抗拉极限点载荷为3.61kN;10cm空地样方两点载荷分别为2.3kN和2.5kN;20cm深度空地样方载荷分别为3.1kN和3.4kN。该方法可直接量化测定玉米根系固土能力,为农业水土保持提供了有效研究手段。