褐藻酸寡糖诱导下大豆中大豆抗毒素的累积变化

【目的】探索新型诱导剂褐藻酸寡糖诱导大豆生成大豆抗毒素（glyceollins）的最佳条件和累积规律。【方法】采用制备型高效液相色谱的方法对经褐藻酸寡糖溶液诱导的大豆乙醇提取液进行分离纯化,并用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS）对其组分进行确认。在此基础上研究褐藻酸寡糖的浓度、大豆的预浸泡时间、诱导过程中的大豆培养温度及湿度、黑暗中的培养时间对glyceollins积累量的影响,确定褐藻酸寡糖诱导产生glyceollins的最佳条件。【结果】褐藻酸寡糖可以作为外源诱导剂来诱导大豆累积生产glyceollins,当诱导剂褐藻酸寡糖的浓度为4%,大豆在无菌水中浸泡5 h,且经诱导的大豆在温度25℃、湿度60%、黑暗中培养4 d时,大豆中的glyceollins生成量达到最高,为0.525 mg•g-1鲜豆重。【结论】本试验结果为大豆高品质加工和褐藻酸寡糖的进一步开发利用可提供试验研究基础。     

Studies on the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of seeds of some wild plants

The Seeds of the fruits of some wild plants were analysed to establish their proximate compositions and the physico-chemical characteristics of the oils. The iodine values of the oils were not greater than 88 but the saponification values were in the range 157–261 mg KOH. Proximate values of the protein, oil and carbohydrate contents of the seeds suggest that they may be adequate for the formulation of animal feeds, subject to a knowledge of the levels of possible toxic substances. The Storage property of the oil fromLophira lanceolata seed were studied over a period of four weeks under conditions of light (ambient), darkness (ambient) and refrigeration. The iodine value of the oil decreased in all cases but much more so on exposure to light. In contrast, the peroxide value of the oil showed very little change under conditions of darkness and refrigeration over the same period but increased by seven fold for the photo-exposed oil.     

Evaluation of mineral elements and ascorbic acid contents in fruits of some wild plants

The fruits of some wild plants were examined for their contents of mineral elements and ascorbic acid.High levels of ascorbic acid were found in fruits ofSclerocarya birrea (403.3 mg/100 g) andAdansonia digitata (337 mg/100 g). In nine of the fruits examined, the mineral contents (Ca, P) were comparable with average values found in common fruits. The iron contents were however 2–5 times higher than the values for common fruits.     

Characterization of oils and chemical analyses of the seeds of wild plants

The Chemical compositions of the seeds of some wild plants have been investigated. The seeds ofHematostaphis berteri, Balanites aegytiaca andXimenia americana contain high levels of oils with values in the range, 38.2–54.5% (w/w). The iodine values of the oils were determined and, forXimenia americana, the value was high, i.e., 149.8 mg/100 g. The storage properties of the oil ofHematostaphis berteri were examined over a period of fifty six days by exposure to light at ambient temperature. The peroxide value of the oil over the period increased by 12-fold of its initial value of 27.5 mEq/kg, suggesting light susceptibility to photo-oxidative degradation. The proximate protein contents were low but the concentrations of mineral elements in the seeds examined were generally high, exceeding the values for the corresponding mesocarps by several orders of magnitude.Abbreviations IV iodine values - PV peroxide values - SV saponification values     

褐藻酸寡糖诱导下大豆营养成分的变化

【目的】探索褐藻酸寡糖诱导大豆抗毒素生成和积累过程中,特别是当大豆抗毒素累积量达到最大时,大豆的异黄酮类化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等营养成分的变化,为大豆的充分开发和利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用4%（w/v）的褐藻酸寡糖溶液作为诱导剂对大豆进行诱导。分别提取不同培养时间（0-6 d）下大豆中的异黄酮化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等营养成分;利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、全自动氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱（GC）等方法检测各培养时间下大豆营养成分的含量。【结果】经褐藻酸寡糖诱导后,大豆中的异黄酮化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等含量均发生了变化。异黄酮类化合物中,大豆抗毒素的累积量在培养第5天时达到最高,由诱导前的0.01 mg·g^-1升高至1.72 mg·g^-1,第5天时香豆雌酚含量由开始时的15.74 μg·g^-1升高至664.8 μg·g^-1,染料木素含量由开始时的1.58 μg·g^-1升高至24.03 μg·g^-1,大豆苷元则由培养开始时的54.56 μg·g^-1降低至19.02 μg·g^-1。诱导组大豆中的总氨基酸含量由开始时的39.38%升高至43.45%,且苏氨酸、亮氨酸等必需氨基酸含量也有所升高,非诱导组大豆中的氨基酸含量也有一定程度的提高,但含量总体低于诱导组大豆。诱导组大豆中蔗糖含量由培养开始时的53.72 mg·g^-1减少至21.5 mg·g^-1,棉籽糖和水苏糖分别在培养第3天和第4天即被完全消耗;非诱导组大豆中蔗糖含量由培养开始时的53.72 mg·g^-1减少至23.09 mg·g^-1,且仍有少量的棉籽糖和水苏糖被检出。诱导组大豆中的脂肪酸总含量由培养开始时的14.27%降低至14.01%,但其中亚油酸的含量和比例有所增加。【结论】褐藻酸寡糖在诱导大豆获得最高大豆抗毒素含量时,增加了大豆中异黄酮类化合物含量,提高了大豆蛋白质的营养价值,消除了大豆中的胀气因子,并且在一定程度上提高了大豆的油脂品质。