黄土高原旱地小麦与豆科绿肥轮作及施氮对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响

小麦与豆科绿肥轮作和合理施用氮肥对黄土高原旱地缺素地区具有特别重要意义.本试验以夏休闲为对照,比较了小麦与绿豆、大豆、秋豆轮作和氮肥水平(0、108、135、162kg/hm2)对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响.结果表明,小麦与豆科绿肥轮作,在黄土高原早地受水分限制影响,小麦产量降低9.7%～26.6%;同时,与休闲处理相较...     

一种新型鼓泡曝气装置的研究

一种由增强ＰＶＣ材料制成的微孔曝气软管，外径２５ｍｍ，其管壁上有不通的锥孔，锥顶接近外表面，大端孔径０．０５ｍｍ，每米管长有２万个孔。在充气压力下，锥孔打开，并产生０．２５～１ｍｍ的气泡，额定过流能力为１ｍ^３／（ｈ·ｍ），试验表明该管有较高的增氧能力和增氧动力效率（４～６ｋｇ／ｋＷ·ｈ），可广泛用于污水处理和水产养殖     

Geographical distribution of salmonid alphavirus subtypes in marine farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland and Ireland

Sequence data from salmonid alphavirus (SAV) strains obtained from farmed marine Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , over a 20-year period between 1991 and 2011 was reviewed to examine the geographical distribution of the genetically defined SAV subtypes in twelve regions across Ireland and Scotland. Of 160 different Atlantic salmon SAV strains examined, 62 belonged to subtype 1, 28 to subtype 2, 34 to subtype 4, 35 to subtype 5 and 1 to subtype 6. SAV subtypes 1, 4 and 6 were found in Ireland, while subtypes 1, 2, 4 and 5 were found in Scotland. In the majority of regions, there was a clear clustering of subtypes, with SAV subtype 1 being the dominant subtype in Ireland overall, as well as in Argyll and Bute in Scotland. SAV subtype 2 predominated in the Shetland and Orkney Islands. The emergence in Atlantic salmon of subtype 2 strains typically associated with sleeping disease in rainbow trout in Argyll and Bute, strongly suggesting transmission of infection between these species, was noted for the first time. SAV subtype 4 was the most common subtype found in the southern Western Isles, while SAV subtype 5 predominated in the northern Western Isles and north-west mainland Scotland. No single strain was dominant on sites in the western Highlands, with a number of sites in this region in particular having more than one subtype detected in different submissions. The significance of these results in relation to aspects of the epidemiology of infection, including transmission, biosecurity and wildlife reservoirs are discussed and knowledge gaps identified.     

牛附睾和附睾液分析与牛附睾尾精子在模拟附睾液中存活试验

[目的]新鲜精液在离开生殖腺后存活时间很短.相关研究表明副睾液为精子的存活提供了特殊的环境.试验探讨和研究牛附睾精子在体外模拟附睾液中的存活试验的各因素的影响.[方法]试验对公牛附睾头部和尾部的摩尔渗透压和蛋白质浓度进行了分析,牛附睾尾部精子在不同蛋白浓度的CEP-2溶液中,在4℃条件下孵育120h.每24h做一次精子活力检测.[结果]5 d后精子活力仍然超过60;.附睾头、尾部的渗透压分别为(287.0±13.7)mOsm和(310.8±17.0)mOsm.蛋白浓度分别为(37.43±12.55)mg/mL和(50.58±11.08)mg/mL.[结论]附睾尾精子在蛋白浓度为40mg/mL,渗透压为345 mOsm时,精子存活率最高.     

Multivariate analysis of ToF-SIMS data from multicomponent systems: the why, when, and how

The use of multivariate analysis (MVA) methods in the processing of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) data has become increasingly more common. MVA presents a powerful set of tools to aid the user in processing data from complex, multicomponent surfaces such as biological materials and biosensors. When properly used, MVA can help the user identify the major sources of differences within a sample or between samples, determine where certain compounds exist on a sample, or verify the presence of compounds that have been engineered into the surface. Of all the MVA methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is the most commonly used and forms an excellent starting point for the application of many of the other methods employed to process ToF-SIMS data. Herein we discuss the application of PCA and other MVA methods to multicomponent ToF-SIMS data and provide guidelines on their application and use.     

不同轮作体系土壤残留硒锌对小麦产量与营养品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过玉米-小麦和大豆-小麦轮作,探讨了不同种植模式中,土壤残留硒锌对小麦产量与营养品质的影响。结果表明,土壤中残留硒锌对小麦生物量和产量的影响与作物轮作体系有关。玉米-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌并没有表现出增加小麦产量的趋势,而大豆-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌对小麦生物量和产量呈增加趋势。土壤残留硒锌可改变作物体内元素组成。玉米-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌有利于小麦籽粒对氮、钾、硫、钙、铁、锌、硒、铜元素的吸收累积。大豆-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌促进小麦对钾、硫、镁、铁、锌、硒、铜、锰、硼的吸收,而氮、磷、钙吸收减少。     

DNA育种对养猪业的贡献

猪育种专家和生产者可做的工作决不仅仅是给猪称重，而是从较大窝重中选择后备母猪和选择生长最快的猪或有价值的猪。分子图谱(DNA)分析对猪遗传育种专家如何选择目前商品猪群中遗传的差异具有划时代的影响。     

Peripheral neuropathy in a turkey vulture with lead toxicosis

Clinical, electromyographic, and pathologic findings characteristic of lead toxicosis were detected in a turkey vulture (Cathartes aura). The bird had generalized lower motor neuron dysfunction that progressed over 5 days. Electromyography revealed diffuse denervation potentials and a presumed decrement in the sciatic-tibial nerve conduction velocity. Histologic examination of peripheral nerves obtained at necropsy revealed changes that could be compatible with lead-induced neuropathy. Lead toxicosis was confirmed by determination of blood lead concentrations. Lead toxicosis causing neurologic disorders in birds has been described. However, this report emphasizes the effects of lead on the peripheral nervous system and demonstrates the use of electromyography for diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in birds.