浅析当前畜禽调运工作中存在的问题及对策

1 当前畜禽调运中存在的问题 1．1 调运户动物防疫意识不强 一是个别调运户未申领《动物防疫合格证》，没有动物防疫知识和相关法律法规知识．是违规调运的根源．     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Comparative ventilation and gas exchange in the horse and the cow

Ventilation and gas exchange were studied in healthy, adult horses and cows, two large species with different lung structures and different breathing patterns. The oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory rate (fR), minute ventilation (VE), alveolar ventilation (VA), alveolar oxygen pressure (PAO2), and VE/VO2 ratio were higher in the cows, while the tidal volume (VT) and physiological dead space (VD) were larger in the horses. The arterial blood gases, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (PAO2-PaO2) and VD/VT ratio did not differ between the two species. The higher VO2 in the cows was most likely due to the energy cost of standing, and possibly to a higher cost of digestion. The higher VE, VA, VE/VO2 and PAO2 were most likely secondary to the increased VO2 and the slightly higher respiratory exchange ratio (R) in the cows. In contrast to hypotheses based on allometric equations, the PAO2 of horses and cows did not appear to differ from that of smaller mammals. The VD was larger than that predicted from allometric equations, and even though the VD/VT ratio (0.50) was lower than the previously reported values for horses and cows, it was significantly larger than the predicted weight-independent value of 0.36. Re-examination of the data used to derive the equation for VD raised questions as to the validity of this equation, and it is suggested that caution be exercised in the use of allometric equations for prediction.     

The relation between the birth process and the condition of the newborn piglet and calf

Fluxes of the anti-parasitic agents, [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin and [³H]-moxidectin were studied across non-transfected and transfected canine kidney epithelial monolayers, MDCK II/wt, MDCK II-MDR1, MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2. All four lines surprisingly expressed significant levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), coded for by MDR1, but MDCK II-MDR1 expressed increased levels compared to the other lines. MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2 expressed increased levels of MRP1 and MRP2 respectively. Fluxes of [³H]-ivermectin, [³H]-selamectin, [³H]-moxidectin, and the P-gp substrates, rhodamine-123 and DiOC₂, were polarized in the basolateral-to-apical (secretory) direction across the four lines. Selected MRP inhibitors used in relevant pharmacological concentrations did not block the secretory fluxes of either [³H]-ivermectin or [³H]-selamectin in either the non-transfected or MRP-transfected lines. In contrast, secretory fluxes of ivermectin and selamectin were inhibited in all four lines by the P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. These data confirm that ivermectin and selamectin are substrates for P-gp in four additional cell lines, but suggest that they are not significant substrates for MRP1 or MRP2 where there is background expression of P-gp. Since this pattern of expression also pertains on the blood-brain barrier, it is unlikely that MRP1 and MRP2 play a significant role in ivermectin and selamectin blood: brain distribution in vivo.     

改进微防技术提高微防效果

20世纪80年代以来,我省一代杂交蚕种微粒子病发生经历了三个阶段(见图表1).第一阶段是1980～1995年,我省家蚕微粒子病处于低发期.从蚕种生产历史上看,这15年是我省蚕种生产发展最为迅速,蚕种生产量最大时期,尤其在九十年代初期全国家蚕微粒子病大暴发,"微防"形势不断恶化情况下,我省的微粒子病发生始终处于有效控制状态,最高年份毛种淘汰率仅为1.66%,"无毒率"高,蚕种质量稳居全国前茅.第二阶段1996～1999年,是我省家蚕微粒子病暴发期.年毛种淘汰率都在10%以上,1998年甚至高达15.48%,检验无毒蚕种比例急剧下降,全省没有一个"无毒"场,微粒子病在我省的流行呈"遍地开花"之势.第三个阶段为1999年以后,我省家蚕微粒子暴发的态势得到了基本控制,防治工作取得了阶段性成效.2000年我省蚕种生产淘汰率从1996～1999年平均12.17%下降到3.25%;2001年全省"无毒"比例已达71.04%,比1996-1999年的平均水平上升了15个百分点,重点产区"无毒"蚕种比例已达80%以上.这阶段我省形成了"三控一严"(即控制胚种传染、控制桑园虫害、控制环境污染和严格管理)家蚕微粒子病综合防治技术体系,全省建立了严格的预知检查体系,桑叶叶面消毒技术得到了大面积的推广应用.     

东西方蜜蜂越冬期过冷却点的测试及过冷却点与越冬性能的关系

针对越冬期东西方蜜蜂的过冷却点进行了测试并对其与越冬性能的关系进行了分析。结果发现:在越冬期,东西方蜜蜂存在过冷却点且二者差异显著,东方蜜蜂过冷却点明显低于西方蜜蜂,蜜蜂的过冷却点与其越冬性能密切相关。     

The relation between the birth process and the condition of the newborn piglet and calf

This presentation will focus on the assessment of the condition of the piglet and calf during and shortly after birth and will review some of the physiological and clinical factors that may have played a role during their delivery and influenced their viability at birth.     

Histology and Ultrastructure of the Urothelium Lining the Ureter and the Renal Pelvis in Sows

The histology and ultrastructure of the urothelium lining the ureter and renal pelvis in sows was examined using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium of both the ureter and the renal pelvis were similar and consisted of the basal, the intermediate and the superficial cells. The luminal surface of the superficial cells was characterized by microplicae. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the luminal membrane of these cells showed trilaminar asymmetric unit membrane. Tight junctions linked the lateral parts of the superficial cells, while the intermediate and the basal cells were connected to each other and the basal cells with the basal membrane through desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, respectively. Clusters of mitochondria were observed throughout the urothelium. Unlike that of the basal cells, the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum were well developed in the superficial and intermediate cells. Lysosomes and vesicles were observed only in the superficial and the intermediate cells. Fine cytoplasmic filaments, although very few in the basal cells, were observed throughout the epithelium. The results are compared and discussed with the findings reported on the urotherlium of other mammalian species and humans.     

精心谋划夯基础科学考评抓落实——基层基础年如何抓好警犬技术工作感想

2006年是公安工作“基层基础年”和“科技应用年”,也是警犬技术工作“抓基层,打基础,苦练基本功”,谋求实效的发展年。如何充分利用好这个契机,切实抓好警犬工作,更好的发挥警犬技术优势和作用呢?笔者根据自己的实际工作情况,从加强对警犬工作的认识、人员的培训、警犬的训练和考核等几个方面,谈几点粗浅的看法和感想。     

加强兽药研究开发提升行业科技创新水平

提升行业科技创新水平为主题,回顾和分析了我国新兽药研究开发的历程和研究现状及面临的形势,并围绕创新与发展的要求,提出了加强兽药研究开发的对策及建议。     

妊娠犬饲养管理中存在的问题及改进措施

在犬的繁殖过程中，往往会碰到这样一些问题：仔犬出生时弱胎、死胎多，有些胎儿即使存活下来，也是生长缓慢，达不到生长发育的要求，最后成为长不大的“铁狗”。究其原因是多方面的，但犬在妊娠期间饲养管理的好坏对新生仔犬质量具有影响作用。为了提高新生仔犬质量，保证母犬的正常体况和繁育，现就妊娠犬在饲养管理过程中存在的问题及改进措施谈点看法。