补播禾草对退化苜蓿草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响

针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题，本试验采用单因素随机区组设计，研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)补播对退化草地苜蓿主要农艺性状和牧草品质的影响，并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)评价其改良效果。结果表明：补播禾草对苜蓿株高、叶茎比、一级分枝数和干草产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，补播苇状羊茅干草产量最高，其次为多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦；补播禾草对牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量有显著影响(P<0.05)；PCA分析得出，补播鸭茅、苇状羊茅综合性状分别排第一、二位。因此，可根据不同改良目的选择不同禾草种类进行补播，苇状羊茅可显著提高退化苜蓿草地生产性能，补播鸭茅可显著改善退化苜蓿草地牧草品质。     

有机肥施用对红地球葡萄产量、品质及土壤环境的影响

【目的】明确有机肥施用对河北葡萄主产区高产优质红地球葡萄产量、品质及土壤环境的影响,为葡萄种植合理施用有机肥提供理论依据。【方法】以河北张家口市怀来县葡萄试验示范基地13年生红地球葡萄为试验材料,进行为期4年的田间试验。设置6个处理,分别为农民传统施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥9 t/hm^2 (M)、有机肥7.5 t/hm^2+化肥(M1NPK)、有机肥15 t/hm^2+化肥(M2NPK)、有机肥45 t/hm^2+化肥(M3NPK),采用常规方法测定葡萄产量、品质、重金属含量及果园土壤中硝态氮、微生物量碳和氮、重金属含量,并对葡萄园土壤重金属累积达到限量所需年限进行推算。【结果】施用有机肥处理葡萄产量均显著高于单施化肥(NPK),其中以中量有机肥+化肥处理(M2NPK)的产量最高,4年(2010-2013)平均产量为21503kg/hm^2,较农民传统施肥(CK)提高了14%;施用有机肥处理葡萄Vc含量比对照显著增加。各处理间葡萄百粒重、pH、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和固酸比差异不显著。收获后M2NPK处理0-20 cm和20-40 cm土壤硝态氮累积量下降,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量显著高于CK。连续4年施用有机肥后,葡萄果实及果园土壤的重金属含量(Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Zn)均未超标,但随着有机肥施用量的增加,葡萄及土壤中的重金属分别呈现线性和二次函数累积趋势。M3NPK处理土壤重金属含量较其他施用有机肥处理提前累积到限量水平。【结论】中量有机肥+化肥(M2NPK)处理葡萄的产量最高,品质最佳,而且降低了土壤硝态氮在各土层的累积,增加了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,且葡萄果实和果园土壤重金属含量未超标。高量有机肥处理不会进一步提高红地球葡萄的产量和品质,但快速增加果园土壤重金属累积。     

Effect of FGFR1 expression knock-down on biological characteristics of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells

AIM: To study the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression knock-down on the viability, apoptosis, invasion and migration of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs). METHODS: FGFR1 was down-regulated by FGFR1 small interfering RNA (si-FGFR1) transfection. The viability of the cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry and the invasion and migration abilities were determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were examined by Western blot. RESULTS: Transfection of si-FGFR1 into HemECs had significant effects on inhibiting cell viability (P<0.05), promoting apoptosis (P<0.05), and decreasing cell invasion and migration abilities (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that knockdown of FGFR1 gene expression in the cells reduced the protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT (P<0.05), and had no significant effect on AKT protein level. CONCLUSION: Knock-down of FGFR1 expression changes the biological characteristics of endothelial cells in infantile hemangiomas by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.     

Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.     

Establishment and application of an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean,a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP),an important compound related to soybean aroma,using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Based on peak profile,total peak area and retention time as test indexes,an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established.The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature70°C,sample injector temperature 180°C,optimum extraction alcohol content 1 m L,Na Cl content 0.1 g,ultrasonication time10 min,and extraction time 1 h,which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L_9(3)~4).2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds,which were easier to measure.The protocol was simple and easy to carry out,consumed only small amounts of reagents,and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility.A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol.The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L~(–1),ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L~(–1),and the genetic diversity index was 0.54.Among all genotypes-tested,they were classified into three grades,including seven elite genotypes identified as"grade one fragrant soybeans",which were Zhonglong 608,Heinong 88,Ha13-2958,Hongmiandou,Heinong 82,Huangmaodou,and Jiyu 21.These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.     

棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究精料补充料中使用不同比例棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊肠道组织形态学、消化酶活性、pH、脂多糖以及抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体重相近且健康的2～3月龄高原型藏羊母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,每组6个重复,每个重复5只母羊,分别饲喂0%、15%、18%和21%水平的棕榈粕替代精料中玉米。试验期97d。结果显示：1)0%组与15%组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2)0%组空肠的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶显著或极显著小于15%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;3)0%组空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著低于15%组与18%组（P<0.05）,相较于21%组差异不显著（P>0.05）;4)18%组与21%组空肠的脂多糖含量显著或极显著高于0%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,与15%组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,棕榈粕可替代部分玉米饲喂藏羊母羊,推荐替代玉米的比例为15%。     

土壤与植物根际磷的有效性研究

本文论述了影响土壤与植物根际磷的有效性的因素有其机理，为合理分配和施用磷肥提供了科学依据。     

草坪化学除草技术研究

针对草坪管理中人工除草费用偏高的问题，长春市林科院1998年起进行了防除草坪杂草的综合技术研究。本文报导了草坪化学除草试验结果。     

成年金丝小枣树移植及管理技术

为提高经济效益,减少损失,对金丝小枣成年大树移植技术进行了研究。论述了移植前的各项准备工作,移栽技术及移栽后的各项管理措施。