基于井孔散射波能量的水力压裂效果评价方法

水压致裂是非常规油气开采的重要增产手段,水力压裂效果的评估对油气开采十分重要.现有的基于测井数据的水力压裂效果评价方法(如正交偶极各向异性、同位素测井等)仪能评价井壁附近的水力压裂效果.利用声波在水力压裂裂缝中传播产生背向散射波原理,提出了一种基于井孔散射波能量的水力压裂效果评价方法,建立了水力压裂随机介质模型,利用有限差分数值模拟了横波在水力压裂地层中的传播特征.数值模拟结果表明,在水力压裂区域偶极阵列波形产生了明显的散射波,声场的空间分布特征表明SH波(水平偏振横波)的散射以S-S散射为主,利用散射波的能量可以有效识别水力压裂的区域.该方法极大地提高了水力压裂效果的评价范围(井孔周围数十米范围),实际数据处理结果验证了该方法的可行性.     

3种介导猪NR2F2基因转染PK15细胞方法的比较研究

试验旨在研究3种转染方法对猪肾上皮细胞（PK15）的转染效率，为以PK15细胞为模型研究外源基因的功能提供参考。本研究以PK15细胞为研究对象，用脂质体、电穿孔、慢病毒3种转染方法转染后，在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达，采用实时荧光定量PCR检测EGFP和NR2F2基因的表达情况，采用CCK-8检测细胞存活率，进而比较3种方法的转染效果。结果显示，转染PK15细胞后，电穿孔和慢病毒方法转染效率极显著高于脂质体（P<0.01），但电穿孔方法和慢病毒方法之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；EGFP和NR2F2基因的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示慢病毒方法效果最好，脂质体方法较差，与细胞转染效率基本一致；CCK-8结果显示，电穿孔转染后细胞存活率最低，极显著低于对照组（P<0.01），脂质体方法显著低于对照组（P<0.05），慢病毒方法与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合考虑转染效率及细胞活性，本研究认为慢病毒转染方法最适合转染PK15细胞，为今后高效转染PK15细胞提供了理想的方法。     

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone on intestinal injury in rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation by inhibiting inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone(0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment(ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established, and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion. The intestinal tissue sections were stained to visualize the damage. The expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase(DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2(FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissues were measured.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group, the Chiu,s scores of intestinal mucosa was significantly higher, and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 increased(P<0.05). After rosiglitazone pretreatment, the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated, the Chiu,s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased(P<0.05), the PPARγ expression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased.CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats, the inflammatory responses are obvious. Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury occurs. PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγ expression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines, thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT.     

CO39近等基因系抗稻瘟病性分析

利用14个稻瘟病菌菌株在温室分别接种和在自然病圃两个年度对CO39近等基因系进行鉴定.结果表明,这套近等单基因系和近等多基因系具很好的鉴别能力.抗病基因Pi-3提供抗病性的时间较长,病斑数较少,并且与其他基因组合而成的累加系也能高抗稻瘟病.     

Development Zones,Foreign Investment,and Global City Formation in Shanghai*

ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under‐studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city‐formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world.     

Clustering of Major Genes Conferring Blast Resistance in a Durable Resistance Rice Cultivar Gumei 2

By using 304 recombinant inbred lines derived from indica rice cross Zhong 156/Gumei 2, a linkage map consisting of 177 marker loci and covering 12 rice chromosomes was constructed and employed for mapping genes conferring blast resistance in rice. Genomic location of gene Pi25(t) conferring neck blast resistance to the Chinese isolate 92-183 (race ZC15) was verified to be located between markers A7 and RG456 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 1.7 cM and 1.5 cM to A7 and RG456,respectively. Leaf blast resistance of Gumei 2 to the Philippine isolate Ca89 (lineage 4) was found to be controlled by a single gene. The gene tentatively designated as Pi26(t) was located between makers B10 and R674 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 5.7 cM and 25.8 cM to B10 and R674 respectively. Resistant alleles at both gene loci were derived from Gumei 2,indicating an existence of resistance gene cluster in Gumei 2.     

重金属致植物矿质营养元素代谢异常的生理效应

重金属胁迫会导致植物体细胞的矿质营养元素缺乏、代谢过程紊乱,甚至可引起植物的死亡。综述了重金属导致植物体的某些矿质元素代谢异常的生理效应。     

稻瘟病菌体细胞色素的变异性及其突变体

 利用紫外光诱变，从来自菲律宾田间的一个具有广谱毒性的流行菌株PO6-6中获得一些浅黄色素突变株，并检测了它侵染水稻的频率；同时对利用浅黄色的表现型来研究体细胞变异的可能性进行了探讨。在所测试的13个浅黄色素突变株中，有6个能使水稻产生病斑，在品种CO39、IR50，IR36上能重新分离到浅黄色素突变株。由此表明，某些浅黄色的突变株具有侵染水稻的能力， 它们没有通常的黑色素合成。从一些浅黄色突变株引起的病斑上获得的单孢培养菌中，野生菌株(Wild type)色素的频率范围为10％～100％。由浅黄色突变株引起的病斑中也可重新获得白色的变异物。在室内培养试验中，出现色素变异的频率未超出l10^-3 ～10^-4 的范围。用一个浅黄色突变株和野生类型的分离菌株进行的相互接种中，从品种IR50的病斑上分离的单孢中，浅黄色菌株占绝对优势。在一次实验中， 由浅黄色素培养菌所引起的一个病斑中，同时获得了浅黄色和灰黑色的培养菌。这些结果表明，体细胞色素的变异也许表现在与寄主植物之间的互作。     

Effects of Sini decoction on atherosclerosis and ceramide content of aorta in rabbits

AIM:To observe the effects of Sini decoction on atherosclerosis(AS) and ceramide content of aorta in rabbits. METHODS:28 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Control group was fed with a normal diet; High cholesterol group was fed 1% cholesterol and 5% fat diet; Sini decotion+ high cholesterol group was fed 1% cholesterol and 5% fat diet plus Sini decotion (4.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1). At the end of study, the plaque area were measured, the atorta ceramide and cell apoptosis were also detected. RESULTS:Sini decotion diminished lipid plaque area on the aortic endothelium, reduced the levels of aorta ceramide and the apoptosis index. CONCLUSION:Sini decoction has an inhibitory effect on AS, the mechanism may be that Sini decotion reduces concentration of ceramide in aorta.