腾冲红花油茶优良单株选择

2012~2014年,根据相关选优标准,以冠幅、树高、地径、结果量和叶形等为指标,经过初选、复选、决选,选出腾冲花红油茶优良单株17株,其种子油不饱和脂肪酸和亚油酸含量达90%及8%的较高水平。对各单株、树高、地径、冠幅、果重等性状指标进行了阐述。     

腾冲红花油茶高接改造试验

2011年5月,采用13个优树无性系半木质化枝条为接穗、插皮嫁接或切接方法、塑料薄膜袋保湿、70%遮阳,对156株成年植株进行高接改造试验。嫁接后150 d调查统计,其株均成活率达94.2%,接穗芽成活率为55.0%,平均抽梢长度21.8 cm。高接改造取得良好效果,其技术可满足生产要求。     

高黎贡山以西油用腾冲红花油茶种质资源调查

对高黎贡山以西的油用腾冲红花油茶种质资源进行调查,摸清了腾冲红花油茶的分布规模、区域、形态特征和自然类型。高黎贡山以西共有油用腾冲红花油茶5 659.1 hm2,50个种质类型。     

香叶树挥发油、油脂等主要成分分析

The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg^-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g^-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.     

腾冲红花油茶自然和人工种群种实性状变异研究

为了选择改良腾冲红花油茶的种实经济性状,对面积较大的3个天然种群和6个人工种群样株的12个种实性状和指标的变异进行了分析。结果显示:除果径在起源间无显著差异外,其余性状在起源间、起源内种群间及种群内单株间的变异均达到极显著水平,其方差分量为单株间起源内种源间起源间,不同性状相对变异程度有所不同。果实性状中果型与种子性状、产量性状呈显著或极显著负相关,其他性状与种子性状、产量性状呈显著或极显著正相关;种子性状与产量性状呈极显著正相关;果型、单果籽质量、出籽率、仁油率、籽油率及果油量是主要的遗传变异性状;果型、海拔与单位面积产油量呈显著负相关。提出了腾冲红花油茶群体和优株选择的主要指标和策略,为其可持续改良提供了科学依据。     

腾冲红花油茶的坐果率及结实率研究

为掌握腾冲红花油茶开花坐果及结实规律,2010年在腾冲县林业技术推广所腾冲红花油茶基地中,选择早、中、晚花期类型实生腾冲红花油茶植株的不同方位、不同部位的坐果率及结实率进行调查研究。结果表明:腾冲红花油茶坐果率较高,为47.41%;早、中、晚花型平均坐果率分别为44.03%、46.18%和52.02%,差异不显著;除早花型南、西、北方位坐果率差异显著高于东方位,其他方位坐果率差异不显著。腾冲红花油茶结实率较低,仅为19.99%;早、中、晚花型结实率分别为13.46%、19.89%和26.61%,差异达到极显著水平;类型内各方位、部位结实率差异不显著,但数值自上而下具有由大到小的变化规律性。     

腾冲红花油茶低产林抚育改造技术

对面积28 hm2、树龄39 a、直播造林且长期失管的腾冲红花油茶低产林开展抚育改造试验.通过多年的试验研究,摸索出林相林园治理、密度调整、树型调整、加强土肥水管理及病虫害防治等抚育改造综合技术.改造后第四年的林分质量明显改善,树势恢复,大幅增产,采前落果得到根本遏制;植株平均结实率由19.93%增加到41.07%,粗油产量达220.5 kg/hm2,为改造前24 kg/hm2的9.19倍,为病虫害试验对照产量124.5 kg/hm2的1.77倍.试验结果为腾冲红花油茶低产林抚育改造,老产区巩固产业持续发展,提高油茶产量和品质提供了技术支持.