斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因的全基因组分析及其在杀虫剂抗性中的作用

利用公布的斜纹夜蛾基因组对TLRs基因进行全基因组分析,应用生物信息学工具分析斜纹夜蛾TLRs家族基因成员在鳞翅目害虫TLRs基因家族中的进化关系、组织表达特异性,结合转录组数据对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达及其调控网络进行分析,分析斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因在杀虫剂抗性中的作用.结果表明:共分析出了7个TLRs基因,斜纹夜的TLRs家族基因与棉铃虫TLRs家族基因同源性较高.7个基因中的1个基因SLTLR3在肠道中高度表达,有5个TLRs基因对农药处理反应敏感.对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达和其网络进行分析,只发现了1个TLRs(SLTLR7)和其他30个基因之间的存在共表达关系,这些基因主要涉细胞表面受体信号途径、细胞定位、信号传导、细胞调控过程、生物调控过程.     

大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加对面团特性和面包感官品质的影响研究

[目的]肽是一类由2个及以上氨基酸通过肽键连接的具有生物活性的蛋白质片段.肽不仅对机体的生长发育和新陈代谢等生命活动有积极作用,还能提升食源性蛋白质的附加值以及促进新型功能食品的开发.因此,为了拓宽肽的应用范围,探究肽对面包品质的改善效果,研究了不同添加量的大豆肽和鱼皮肽对面团特性以及面包感官品质的影响.[方法]以高筋小麦面粉为基础原料,分别将大豆肽和鱼皮肽按不同比例(0.5％、1％、1.5％)添加到小麦面粉中制作面团和面包,以未添加肽的面团和面包为对照组,通过对面团的粉质特性指标(吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度及质量指数)、发酵失水率、烘焙失水率、以及面包硬度、弹性和比容的测定,研究2种肽的添加对面团和面包品质的影响.[结果]与对照组相比,添加了肽的面团的吸水率和粉质质量指数均显著降低(P<0.05).随着肽的比例的增加,大豆肽面团形成时间从11.9 min缩短至8.8 min,其稳定时间从26.8 min缩短至9.2 min;而鱼皮肽面团的形成时间从24.7 min缩短至19 min,其稳定时间从30.9 min缩短至28.9 min.大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加量为0.5％、1％时,面团的弱化度均显著小于对照组(P<0.05);当鱼皮肽添加量达到1.5％时,面团的弱化度显著高于空白组,而1.5％添加量的大豆肽面团的弱化度与空白组无显著差异.此外,大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加对面团发酵和焙烤过程的水分损失具有不同的影响.大豆肽的添加显著降低了面团发酵失水率,大豆肽添加量为0.5％和1％时面团的烘焙失水率无显著差异,但1.5％添加量的大豆肽显著增大了面团焙烤失水率(P<0.05);鱼皮肽的添加则显著增加了面团发酵失水率,显著降低了面团烘焙失水率(P<0.05).两种肽的添加均能使面包比容和弹性显著增大,面包硬度显著降低(P<0.05).[结论]大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加量为0.5％～1.5％时对面团中面筋网络结构有一定的稀释作用,但能通过提高酵母的生长繁殖和产气能力,从而改善面包的比容、硬度和弹性.将肽的添加量控制在1.5％以内,既可以提高面包营养价值,也能一定程度地改善面包的品质.     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下甜菜生长及养分吸收的影响

为了探究外源亚精胺是否具有缓解甜菜盐害作用,采用霍兰营养液室内水培方法,测定了280mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施0.25 mmol/L外源亚精胺后,耐盐‘T510’和盐敏感‘210’甜菜品系幼苗生长、生理及其体内N、P、K养分含量的变化情况。结果发现,盐胁迫下(Na处理),除MDA和P素含量升高外,两品系甜菜幼苗的叶片相对含水量、叶面积、叶绿素含量、幼苗生物量及N、K养分含量指标均明显降低;与Na处理比,喷施亚精胺的盐胁迫处理,除MDA和P素含量降低外,其它指标明显增加,两品系甜菜幼苗生长和养分吸收状况明显改善;外源亚精胺对耐盐‘T510’品系的调节作用大于‘210’品系。因此外源亚精胺能有效缓解盐胁迫对甜菜生长的伤害,对耐盐品系的调节效果更佳。     

香蕉TGA转录因子家族的鉴定及枯萎病菌胁迫下的表达分析

尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, Foc）引起的香蕉枯萎病是我国香蕉的主要病害之一,严重影响香蕉的产量和品质。TGA防御反应基因在香蕉应对尖孢镰刀菌胁迫的应答转录调控过程中至关重要。本研究以拟南芥TGA转录因子家族成员蛋白为查询序列,在香蕉基因组数据库中Blast筛选出TGA转录因子家族成员,并对该家族成员进行生物信息学分析。共鉴定得到9个香蕉TGA家族成员,分别命名为MaTGA1~MaTGA9;香蕉TGA家族蛋白富含酸性氨基酸,大部分蛋白以α螺旋为主;亚细胞定位主要在细胞核内。进化树分析表明,香蕉MaTGA转录因子家族的9个成员可分为Class Ⅰ和Class Ⅱ两类,基因结构及功能结构域的分布情况也呈现出高度一致。进一步通过RT-qPCR分析发现,MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉枯萎病菌侵染后的‘威廉斯’（易感病）及‘南天黄’（抗病）中均显著下调表达,MaTGA1、MaTGA6、MaTGA7和MaTGA9均呈现先下降后上升的趋势;然而MaTGA4和MaTGA5仅在‘威廉斯’中上调表达,以上结果表明MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉抗枯萎病中发挥重要的生物学功能。本研究结果为香蕉TGA转录因子功能挖掘奠定理论基础。     

长白山区不同茖葱材料种质资源现状调查与分析

为明确长白山区茖葱种质资源分布状况,对长白山区4个种源地5个不同茖葱材料的地理分布、生物学特性、物候特性、生境与营养品质进行调查与分析.结果表明:(1)长白山区茖葱多生长在海拔500 m以上的冷凉阴湿山坡、林下、林缘及沟渠边等地,对空气湿度、土壤水分与林分郁闭度有一定要求,其物候期也较早.(2)5个材料的生物学特性与物候特性存在差异,东丰材料与敦化宽叶材料可归为宽叶型材料,而敦化窄叶材料、安图材料与汪清材料可归为窄叶型材料.(3)宽叶型材料有较高的营养物质含量,而窄叶型材料中的营养物质含量较低.(4)不同材料的生长状况、物候期与营养品质也受其各自生境差异的影响,因此,在进行人工栽培与迁地保存时,既要选取较适合仿生栽培的种源(材料),也应创造尽量接近原始生境的栽培条件.     

河北省油葵品种多点比较试验分析

为筛选适宜河北省不同生态区的油葵新品种,分别在冀北高寒区张家口市、冀中南太行山浅山丘陵区石家庄市、冀中南太行山前平原区衡水市饶阳县开展油葵品种多点比较试验,对收集到的9个油葵品种的主要农艺性状及产量进行丰产性、稳定性分析。研究结果表明：（1）‘F60’、‘T562’和‘早熟矮大头’的生育期较对照短,其余品种均比对照长。（2）‘新葵23号’和‘新葵7号’比较高大,‘早熟矮大头’相对矮小。（3）‘T562’籽粒较好,百粒重最重,‘HZ001’籽粒小而轻。（4）各参试品种均表现增产,其中‘T562’和‘F60’丰产效应最高。张家口和石家庄‘T562’产量最高;饶阳‘F60’产量最高。（5）‘新葵7号’和‘F60’变异度最低,稳产性最强。‘T562’、‘F60’、‘新葵7号’、‘改良7号’和‘S667’适宜张家口种植,‘F60’、‘早熟矮大头’、‘新葵7号’、‘HZ001’和‘新葵23号’适宜石家庄和饶阳种植。（6）‘T562’、‘F60’综合评价好,‘早熟矮大头’、‘新葵7号’、‘HZ001’和‘新葵23号’综合评价一般,‘改良7号’和‘S667’综合评价较差。     

Changes in physiological parameters involved in glutamine and urea synthesis in Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed Ampithoe sp. meal and exposed to ammonia stress

Two dietary formulas containing 0% (D0 group) and 33% (D33 group) Ampithoe sp. meal were fed to Litopenaeus vannamei for 42 days, and then, an ammonia stress test was performed to explore the mechanism by which dietary Ampithoe sp. meal supplementation improves the ammonia tolerance of shrimp. The changes in key enzyme activities and biochemical substances involved in glutamine and urea synthesis in shrimp under ammonia stress were investigated. The cumulative mortality in the D0 group and D33 group was 62.22% and 44.44% respectively. With the prolongation of ammonia exposure, the ammonia concentration in the haemolymph of both groups increased, but that of the D33 group was significantly lower than that of the D0 group. The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, glutamine concentration and urea‐N concentration in the haemolymph of the D33 group were significantly higher than those of the D0 group. In the gills of the D33 group, the glutamine concentration, arginase (ARG) activity and urea‐N concentration were significantly higher than those of the D0 group. In the hepatopancreas of the D33 group, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamine concentration and urea‐N concentration were significantly higher than those of the D0 group. In the muscle of the D33 group, the GDH activity, GS activity, glutamine concentration and ARG activity were significantly higher than those of the D0 group. Consequently, our results indicated that dietary Ampithoe sp. meal supplementation could enhance glutamine and urea synthesis, thereby reducing ammonia accumulation in organisms, resulting in the improvement of ammonia tolerance in L. vannamei.     

云南小麦品种（系）锈病和赤霉病抗性功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用5个锈病成株期抗性基因的KASP标记Sr2_ger9 3p、Lr34jagger、CSTM4_67G、Lr68-2、VPM_SNP和抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的KASP标记TaHRC-KASP,对云南省育成的42个小麦品种（系）进行检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省持久抗病小麦新品种（系）的选育提供材料。结果表明,4个材料含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr34/Yr18/Sr57,频率为9.52%;6个品种（系）含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55,频率为14.29%;7个材料含抗慢叶锈病基因Lr68,频率为16.67%;含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Sr2/Yr30和成株抗叶锈基因Lr37的材料各有1个,频率均为2.38%;未检测出含抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品种（系）。云麦69、云麦75、云麦56、宜麦1号和宜麦3号等兼有2个成株期抗锈病基因,可作为今后云南持久抗锈病育种的抗源材料。