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Seiichi Nishimura Kenji Kimiwada Atsushi Yagioka Satoshi Hayashi Norikuni Oka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(2):360-368
ABSTRACT Emission of methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas, from submerged paddy soils is generally reduced by introducing intermittent drainage in summer, which is a common water management in Japan. However, such a practice is not widely conducted in Hokkaido, a northern region in Japan, to prevent a possible reduction in rice grain yield caused by cold weather. Therefore, the effects of intermittent drainage on CH4 emission and rice grain yield have not been investigated comprehensively in Hokkaido. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in Hokkaido and measured CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and rice grain yield to elucidate whether the reduction in CH4 emission can be achieved in Hokkaido as well as other regions in Japan. Four experimental treatments, namely, two soil types [soils of light clay (LiC) and heavy clay (HC) textures] and two water management [continuous flood irrigation (CF), and intermittent drainage (ID)], were used, and CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured throughout the rice cultivation periods from 2016 to 2018. Cumulative CH4 emissions in 2016 were markedly low, suggesting an initially low population of methanogens in the soils presumably due to no soil submergence or crop cultivation in the preceding years, which indicates a possible reduction in CH4 emission by introducing paddy-upland crop rotation. Cumulative CH4 emissions in the ID-LiC and ID-HC plots were 21–91% lower than those in the CF-LiC and CF-HC plots, respectively, whereas the cumulative N2O emissions did not significantly differ between the different water managements. The amount of CH4 emission reduction by the intermittent drainage was largest in 2018, with a comparatively long period of the first drainage for 12 days in summer. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ between the different water managements for the entire 3 years, although the percentage of well-formed rice grains was reduced by the intermittent drainage in 2018. These results suggest that CH4 emission from paddy fields can be reduced with no decrease in rice grain yield by the intermittent drainage in Hokkaido. In particular, the first drainage for a long period in summer is expected to reduce CH4 emission markedly. 相似文献
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Keiki Okazaki Takuro Shinano Norikuni Oka Masako Takebe 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):696-706
Among agricultural soil fertility management options, the environmental benefits of organic amendments have recently drawn particular attention. However, little information exists about their effects on crop metabolites or quality. Field plots of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) were planted in a fractional factorial design with the following treatments: soil amendments of cattle manure (0, 2 or 4?kg?m?2), wheat straw (0, 0.05 or 0.1?kg?m?2), fast release nitrogen (N) (0, 6 or 12?g?N?m?2 of ammonium sulfate), slow release N (0, 3 or 6?g?N?m?2 of coated ammonium nitrate), phosphorus (P) [0, 5 or 10?g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)?m?2 of lime superphosphate] and potassium (K) [0, 6 and 12?g potassium oxide (K2O)?m?2 as potassium sulfate]. Metabolite profiling was carried out using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), which yielded 62 and 67 metabolites in the leaves and the petioles, respectively. Metabolite peak areas were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The first component accounted for 44.1% of the total variance and bore a close relationship to N. The third component accounted for 8.8% of the total variance and was used to distinguish between different levels of manure application. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of treatment factor effects on individual metabolites showed that the three most significant factors, from highest to lowest, were N absorption, manure amendments and slow release N. The effects of the manure amendments were not fully explained by its attendant N, P or K inputs. This result raises the question as to what mechanisms may bring about the metabolic changes caused by the manure amendment. The current findings will serve to direct further studies on the relationship between crop quality and cultivation procedures and will lead to more efficient quality control methods. 相似文献
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Kiyosumi Hori Tomomori Kataoka Kiyoyuki Miura Masayuki Yamaguchi Norikuni Saka Takahiro Nakahara Yoshihiro Sunohara Kaworu Ebana Masahiro Yano 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):223-234
To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars Nipponbare and Koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout Japan. Thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. Using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 122 QTLs for 38 traits were mapped on all rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 9. Fifty-eight of the 122 QTLs were detected near the heading date QTLs Hd16 and Hd17 and the remaining 64 QTLs were found in other chromosome regions. QTL analysis of 51 BILs having homozygous for the Koshihikari chromosome segments around Hd16 and Hd17 allowed us to detect 40 QTLs associated with 27 traits; 23 of these QTLs had not been detected in the original analysis. Among the 97 QTLs for the 30 traits measured in multiple environments, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for 44 QTLs and not significant for 53 QTLs. These results led us to propose a new selection strategy to improve agronomic performance in temperate japonica rice cultivars. 相似文献
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Toru TSUCHIDA Yoshihiko TAKAHASHI Norikuni OHTAKE Takuji OHYAMA Masaru KUBOTA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(1):133-133
(pp. 811–816)
The application method of liquid fertilizer with irrigation water was tested in large scale paddy fields using a newly developed fertilizer supplier which can make a supplying rate of liquid fertilizer constant. Uniformity of fertilization, change in the nitrogen concentration of flooded water and absorption of applied nitrogen by paddy rice were examined. High uniformity of fertilization was achieved with this method as compared with a conventional broadcast application of granular fertilizer, or an inflow fertilization of granule-like fertilizer with irrigation water.
When urea was applied as liquid fertilizer, the fertilizer-N disappeared quickly from ponding water under shallow conditions of ponding water depth. In the case of the same depth of ponding water, the rate of reduction was large under conditions of large permeability of water.
The nitrogen utilization rates of urea and ammonium sulfate labeled with15 N were not related to the depth of ponding water at the time of fertilization. When ammonium sulfate was supplied the nitrogen utilization rate was around 50% regardless of fertilization conditions however, the urea-N utilization rate fell to 40% or less at a permeability of ponding water of 0.8 cm day−1 or less, while it increased to 50% equivalent to ammonium sulfate, at 0.8 cm day−1 or more permeability. 相似文献
The application method of liquid fertilizer with irrigation water was tested in large scale paddy fields using a newly developed fertilizer supplier which can make a supplying rate of liquid fertilizer constant. Uniformity of fertilization, change in the nitrogen concentration of flooded water and absorption of applied nitrogen by paddy rice were examined. High uniformity of fertilization was achieved with this method as compared with a conventional broadcast application of granular fertilizer, or an inflow fertilization of granule-like fertilizer with irrigation water.
When urea was applied as liquid fertilizer, the fertilizer-N disappeared quickly from ponding water under shallow conditions of ponding water depth. In the case of the same depth of ponding water, the rate of reduction was large under conditions of large permeability of water.
The nitrogen utilization rates of urea and ammonium sulfate labeled with
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Chamaiporn Anuwong Norikuni Ohtake Kuni Sueyoshi Soraya Ruamrungsri 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):501-507
SummaryCurcuma alismatifolia rhizomes are exported to world markets for ornamental use. Rhizome size and the number of storage roots affected shoot sprouting, plant growth, and inflorescence yield and quality, indicating an important role for storage food reserves such as the carbohydrates and proteins in these organs. An understanding of the proteins used for growth and development in rhizomes and in storage roots is lacking, so changes in the storage proteins in these organs were investigated at the planting stage, the sprouting stage, the second-leaf stage, the flowering stage, and the dormancy stage. The protein concentrations in both these organs decreased rapidly until the flowering stage in order to support the initial growth of roots and shoots. The intensity of Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of tissues was stronger in rhizomes than in storage roots. Protein staining was present in the cytosol and in the cell walls in rhizomes, and was intense in small particle-like protein bodies in the cytosol. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles showed that peptides of 10.6 kDa and 12.0 kDa were the two major soluble proteins in rhizomes and were different from the proteins in storage roots.The 10.6 kDa and 12.0 kDa bands contained five peptides and one peptide, respectively, when separated by 2D-PAGE. The amino acid sequences of these six peptides were not homologous to any known proteins using BLASTP or FASTA analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of these two polypeptides did not start with methionine, indicating that they had undergone posttranslational modification. Knowledge of the major storage proteins in the rhizomes and storage roots of C. alismatifolia may provide information to improve N-fertilisation. 相似文献
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Nguyen Van Phi Hung Shiori Watanabe Shinji Ishikawa Norikuni Ohtake Kuni Sueyoshi Takashi Sato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):888-895
The quantitative analysis of the initial transport of fixed isotope 15-nitrogen (15N) in intact nodulated soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Williams) was investigated at the vegetative stage (36 days after planting, DAP) and pod-filling stage (91 DAP) by the 15N pulse-chase experiment. The nodulated roots were exposed to N2 gas labeled with a stable isotope 15N for 1 h, followed by 0, 1, 3 and 7 h of exposure with normal air. Plant roots and shoots were separated into three sections (basal, middle and distal parts) with the same length of the main stem or primary root. Approximately 80 and 92% of fixed N was distributed in the basal part of the nodulated roots at the vegetative and pod-filling stages by the end of 1 h of 15N2 exposure, respectively. In addition, about 90% of fixed 15N was retained in the nodules and 10% was exported to root and shoot after 1 h of 15N2 exposure at 91 DAP. The percentage distribution of 15N in the nodules at the pod-filling stage decreased from 90% to 7% during the 7 h of the chase period, and increased in the roots (14%), stems (54%), leaves (12%), pods (10%) and seeds (4%). The 15N distribution was negligible in the distal root segment, suggesting that N fixation activity was negligible and recycling fixed N from the shoot to the roots was very low in the initially short time of the experiment. 相似文献
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