香樟试管苗移植技术研究

运用正交试验的方法研究炼苗时间、不同遮阳网遮光率以及不同基质对香樟试管苗移植效果的影响,结果表明:炼苗时间7 d,遮阳网遮光率60%,基质为木屑∶泥炭土(1∶1)对于香樟试管苗移植效果最佳。     

Molecular phylogeny of Chinese vegetable mustard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis>) based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA

Sequence variation of nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA and ITS2) from Chinese vegetable mustards (AB-genome) and its putative parents Brassica rapa (the A-genome) and Brassica nigra (the B-genome) were used to investigate the molecular phylogeny and the probable evolutional pattern of this amphidiploid species that uniquely formed in China. Totally, 16 accessions of Chinese vegetable mustard those covering nearly all the diverse variations were included in this study, and together with three accessions of B. rapa and one accession of B. nigra. The results disclosed two strongly supported clades, one containing four accessions of vegetable mustard which have closer relationship with B-genome species “B.nigra” lineage and the other containing 12 accessions of B. juncea and three A-genome accessions. This classification was in disagreement with the evidence from chloroplast DNA, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), which suggested that B. juncea was closely related to the A-genome type. For the incongruence, we speculated that the B. juncea crops derived from Chinese have evolved through different recombined events of the diploid morphutypes and evolved unidirectional concerted evolution. The traditional phenotypic classification of B. juncea was not wholly supported by ITS results, and hence the phylogenetic relationships among these subspecies need to be reconsidered on molecular level.     

施用腐植酸复合肥对小麦抗旱防衰能力的影响及其机理

试验研究施用腐植酸复合肥对小麦抗旱、防衰能力的影响结果表明,腐植酸浓度为25~50mg/L时对小麦根系伸展与活力的促进作用最强,根内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性最高,麦苗长势最佳且生物量最大。土培条件下腐植酸复合肥比等养分量化肥更显著提高小麦体内超氧化物歧化酶活性与脯氨酸含量,降低质膜透性,有效提高小麦抗旱与防衰能力,增加干物质量累积。施肥量与各生理指标间呈二次曲线相关,峰值施肥量为2.9~4.3g/盆。     

可变电荷土壤对酸雨敏感度的影响因子

The sensitivity of a large number of variable charge soils to acid rain was evaluated through examining pH-H₂SO₄ input curves. Two derivative parameters, the consumption of hydrogen ions by the soil and the acidtolerant limit as defined as the quantity of sulfuric acid required to bring the soil to pH 3.5 in a 0.001mol L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂ solution, were used. The sensitivity of variable charge soils was higher than that of constant charge soils, due to the predominance of kaolinite in clay mineralogical composition. Among these soils the sensitivity was generally of the order lateritic red soil > red soil > latosol. For a given type of soil within the same region the sensitivity was affected by parent material, due to differences in clay minerals and texture. The sensitivity of surface soil may be lower or higher than that of subsoil, depending on whether organic matter or texture plays the dominant role in determining the buffering capacity. Paddy soils consumed more acid within lower range of acid input when compared with upland soils, due to the presence of more exchangeable bases, but consumed less acid within higher acid input range, caused by the decrease in clay content.     

我国经济林应对绿色技术壁垒的战略

我国经济林发展很快，但由于产地生态破坏、环境污染以及林农的不良耕作等原因，使按常规方式生产的产品安全质量下降，从而遇到了绿色技术壁垒的严峻挑战。只有抓住机遇，认真实施无公害生产，开发安全森林食品，才能拓展产品的国际国内市场，使我国经济林产业开发再上新台阶。     

Assessment of potassium speciation in soil using traditional single leaching and modified sequential extraction processes

Purpose

The bioavailability of potassium (K) depends on its speciation distribution in the soil. Different methods are commonly used to estimate K speciation including traditional single leaching (TSL) and sequential extraction process (SEP). However, K speciation is largely affected by soil pretreatment methods. The effects of both TSL and SEP soil pretreatment methods were evaluated.

Materials and methods

The TSL method classifies K speciation content based on bioavailability, while the SEP classifies the metal speciation based on the effects of environmental conditions. These two methods, together with a modified sequential single leaching (SSL) scheme, were used to evaluate five types of soil including soil without potassium fertilization, soil with long-term K fertilization, alkaline soil, red soil, and forest soil. The soil samples were gathered randomly at depths varying up to 30 cm before being dried in air at room temperature. The samples were then ground and mixed before passing through a sieve (10 mesh or 100 mesh) in order to perform K speciation analysis via the modified SSL technique, the TSL method, and the four schemes of SEP.

Results and discussion

Soil pretreatment influenced K speciation, with higher concentration in soil samples sieved through 100 mesh than through 10 mesh. In alkaline soil, potassium was observed to be associated with carbonate. For the various SEP schemes, K speciation was found to be greatest in the residual fraction, with only 3% observed in the carbonate, exchangeable, metal organic complex, or amorphous hydroxides of Fe or Mn. After following the first two steps of the SEP schemes, the available K was similar to that of the TSL method. Distribution of non-exchangeable K using the TSL method was comparable with the five combined SEP extraction steps which were all affected by environmental conditions.

Conclusions

Pretreatment affected K speciation distribution and total amount of metal in the soil. The 100 mesh sieve was more effective in estimating K soil speciation. The SEP method was acceptable for estimating K speciation, with the Krishnamurti et al. (Analyst 120:659–665, 1995) scheme as a useful appraisal of K bioavailability. Combination analyses using both TSL and SEP methods are useful techniques to enable a better understanding of K speciation transformation in soil.

     

苎麻ACC氧化酶基因（BnACO1）的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆苎麻中的一个ACO基因（BnACO1）,并对其进行生物信息学分析、表达分析、胁迫应答分析。【方法】通过RT-PCR结合RACE技术从湘苎3号中克隆该基因的全长cDNA序列,利用生物信息学软件对获得的基因序列及编码的蛋白质序列进行分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR分析BnACO1在苎麻不同部位的表达量以及在ABA、干旱和高盐胁迫下的应答。【结果】BnACO1的cDNA序列全长为1 476 bp,其开放阅读框为981 bp,编码326个氨基酸多肽,预测其分子量和等电点分别为36.81 kD和4.95,基因登录号为JX878855。与无花果（AB307720）、香叶天竺葵（U19856）、柿树（AB073009）、梨（JN807390）、猕猴桃（HQ293208）的ACO基因核苷酸序列相似性分别为83%、81%、79%、79%和79%,氨基酸序列的相似性分别为87%、80%、80%、78%和83%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明苎麻BnACO1在苎麻根、茎、茎尖、叶片、雌花和雄花中均有表达,其中,在雄花中表达最高,在根、茎中表达最低,且该基因受ABA、干旱和NaCl胁迫诱导表达。【结论】获得的BnACO1是ACO家族成员之一,参与ABA、干旱、NaCl胁迫应答,该基因可能在苎麻性别分化中起到一定作用并且在调控苎麻生长发育和应对环境胁迫时具有独特的表达模式。     

桑黑枯型疫病防治新药剂的开发与应用

近几年桑黑枯型疫病在江苏盐城市的蚕桑重点乡镇暴发为害。本试验用已筛选出对桑黑枯型疫病有较好抑制作用的抗菌素进行了开发应用研究。结果表明,安全有效药剂应首选盐酸环丙沙星,其次为盐酸恩诺沙星。使用药剂的经济有效浓度为100 mg/kg,最低有效浓度为12.5 mg/kg,药剂间复配未见有增效作用。用中性偏碱的沟渠中蓄存水稀释药剂,降低防治效果。用喷施两种抗菌素的桑叶喂蚕,未见有叶质降低现象。通过在防治适期内喷施100 mg/kg的盐酸环丙沙星、盐酸恩诺沙星等药剂,配合其它农业防治措施,在盐城市的3个蚕桑重点乡镇的4个中试点上近100 hm2桑园有效地控制了危害。     

海湾扇贝亲贝、幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯耐受性的研究

为确定二氧化氯对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)亲贝、幼虫和稚贝的安全用量范围,研究海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对不同浓度二氧化氯的耐受性.按照亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝的先后顺序进行4个独立实验,每实验设6个不同的二氧化氯浓度,每浓度设三个重复,每实验持续时间为24h,分别在12h和24h测定二氧化氯对亲贝和幼虫死亡率的影响.结果表明,海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯均具有较强的耐受性,其安全浓度分别为20 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和10 mg/L.     

米曲霉AS 3.951发酵豆粕对大菱鲆摄食生长的影响

以初始平均体重(2.07±0.02)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为实验对象,进行为期70天的摄食生长实验,研究不同添加水平的发酵和未发酵豆粕对大菱鲆摄食生长的影响.用米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)AS 3.951对豆粕进行固态发酵.经检测.与未发酵豆粕相比较,发酵豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制因子、植酸、大豆皂甙、水苏糖和棉籽糖的含量分别下降了46.5%、26.6%、11.7%、30.1%和19.7%.实验共制作6种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照饲料;未发酵豆粕蛋白分别替代25%、40%和55%的鱼粉蛋白;发酵豆粕蛋白分别替代40%和55%的鱼粉蛋白.结果表明,饲料中添加一定量的豆粕对大菱鲆的成活率没有显著的影响(P>0.05).饲料中未发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的水平为25%时,对大菱鲆的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均没有显著的影响,但替代水平为40%和55%时,以上指标显著降低(P<0.01).饲料中发酵豆粕替代水平为40%时,未降低大菱鲆的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率,替代水平为55%时,显著降低大菱鲆的摄食率和特定生长率(P<0.01).