Adaption of a formula for simulating bedload transport in the Nile River,Egypt

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Bedload transport discharge is important in river engineering and morphodynamics. The Meyer-Peter and Müller (MPM) equation for determining bedload transport...     

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Influence of Degree of Hydrolysis on Chemical Composition,Functional Properties,and Antioxidant Activities of Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) Hydrolysates Obtained by Using Alcalase 2.4L

Protein hydrolysates from Chinese sturgeon were prepared using Alcalase 2.4L enzyme. Under the optimum conditions (enzyme–substrate ratio of 3.5%, pH of 8.5, and temperature of 55°C), the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was 13.8%, 16.7%, and 19.1% after 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. The contents of crude protein and amino acid increased at DH of 19.1% to 86.97% and 78.29%, respectively. There was an obvious increase in the low-molecular-weight peptides, which could enhance the hydrolysate’s functional properties such as solubility, representing more than 90% at different pH levels. The obtained protein hydrolysates revealed good emulsification properties and high oil absorption. Furthermore, good antioxidant activities such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition, ferric reducing power, and ferrous ion (Fe²⁺⁾ chelating ability were attained depending on the solution concentration. The findings indicate that the functional and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates could be useful in many applications of the food industry.     

Follicular development during the prepuberal period of different morphological types of ovaries in Hampshire and Yorkshire gilts fed two planes of nutrition

Changes in follicular development of the ovary at 105, 140 and 175 d of age were observed on 48 prepuberal Yorkshire and Hampshire gilts raised on two planes of nutrition. The follicles from the left ovary were counted and measured by histological techniques. Both the nonatretic and the atretic (more than four pyknotic bodies) antral follicles were classified into six categories according to size, and each category was expressed as percentage of the total number. The proportion of nonatretic follicles belonging to the first category (.19 to .36 mm in diameter) was higher in Hampshire than Yorkshire gilts at d 105 (65.4 vs 47.6%; P less than .05), but not at d 140 and 175. The proportion of atretic follicles to the total number observed was higher in Yorkshire at d 175 than at d 140 and 105 (38.6 vs 21.9 vs 11.6%, respectively; P less than .05), whereas in Hampshire, significant differences were observed only between d 140 and 105 (25.2 vs 3.9%, respectively). The low-plane regimen reduced the percentage of nonatretic follicles of the third (.63 to 1.12 mm) and fourth (1.13 to 2.00 mm) categories in Yorkshire gilts from 14.4 and 7.2% to 9.7 and 4.0%, respectively (P less than .05). According to grouping, size and number of antral follicles, three morphological types of ovaries could be distinguished: honey-comb, grape-like and an intermediate class. Reanalyzing the data accounting for types resulted in radical reduction in the residual variation, hence many significant differences between the two breeds could be identified. At 140 and 175 d of age, Hampshires with honey-comb- and grape-like ovaries had greater numbers of medium and large follicles than Yorkshires (P less than .001). It is concluded that the slower follicular development observed at 105 d of age in Hampshire, as compared with Yorkshire gilts, allows accumulation of greater numbers of antral follicles at 140 and 175 d for both morphological types of ovaries.     

Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife

Several human and animal Ebola outbreaks have occurred over the past 4 years in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The human outbreaks consisted of multiple simultaneous epidemics caused by different viral strains, and each epidemic resulted from the handling of a distinct gorilla, chimpanzee, or duiker carcass. These animal populations declined markedly during human Ebola outbreaks, apparently as a result of Ebola infection. Recovered carcasses were infected by a variety of Ebola strains, suggesting that Ebola outbreaks in great apes result from multiple virus introductions from the natural host. Surveillance of animal mortality may help to predict and prevent human Ebola outbreaks.     

An Improved Synthesis of 7, 8-Epoxy-1,3,11-cembratriene- 15R(α), 16-diol,a Cembranoid of Marine Origin with a Potent Cancer Chemopreventive Activity

An effective method for the synthesis of 7,8-epoxy-1,3,11-cembratriene- 15R(α),16-diol and its in vitro Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) Activation Chemopreventive Assay are reported. This semisynthetic product is a new cembranoid with a potent tumor inhibitory activity that is expected to be a lead compound for a new class of chemopreventive agents of marine origin.     

Towards sustainable control of Lepidopterous pests in olive cultivation

Zusammenfassung Traditionelle, extensiv bearbeitete Olivenhaine, aber auch moderne Intensiv-Plantagen mit künstlicher Bewässerung und hohem Einsatz von Düngern bzw. chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln kennzeichnen die derzeitigen verschiedenen Anbauformen der Olive im Mittelmeerraum. Schadlepidopteren wie die Olivenmotte (Prays oleae, Lep.: Yponomeutidae) und die Jasminmotte (Palpita unionalis, Lep.: Pyralidae) werden durch regelmässigen Insektizideinsatz bekämpft. Das von der EU geförderte internationale Forschungsprojekt TRIPHELIO zielte auf die Entwicklung insektizidfreier Alternativmethoden durch (1) die Optimierung der pheromongestützten Überwachung und Verwirrtechnik, (2) der Anwendung von Habitatmanagement-Strategien zur Förderung natürlicher Gegenspieler, und (3) dem Einsatz von Trichogramma-Schlupfwespen. Zusätzlich wurden Module für eine optimale Anwendung biotechnischer und biologischer Methoden bezüglich der Phänologie der Schadinsekten und möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Pestiziden erarbeitet. Die intensive Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern aus mehreren Ländern Europas und Nordafrikas erlaubte den Entwurf möglicher Lösungsansätze für verschiedene Anbaubedingungen und klimatische Regionen des Mittelmeerraumes. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse und Ausblicke für eine zukünftige praktische Umsetzung werden in dieser Veröffentlichung beschrieben.