Effect of initial hermetic sealing on quality of ‘Kyoho’ grapes during storage

Experiments of initial hermetic sealing using high barrier film were carried out on ‘Kyoho’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L. × V. Labrusca L. cv. Kyoho) in the 2008 and 2009 fruit seasons, to investigate their potential to enhance quality and extend storage life of the fruit. In the 2008 season, grapes were packaged in high barrier film bags for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, and a modified atmosphere (MA) of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide was formed after sealing. After packaging, fruit were removed from bags and stored in air for up to 90 d at 0 °C. In the 2009 season, grapes were packaged in perforated bags, or in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and subsequently perforated bags to avoid further anoxia and excessive CO₂ accumulation. After treatment, fruit were stored for up to 90 d at 0 °C, followed by shelf-life at 20 °C for 7 d. Non-packaging air storage was used as a control in both seasons. Fruit quality attributes including soluble solids, titratable acidity, stem browning, berry drop and decay incidence were measured. The results indicated that short-term initial MAP (≤2 weeks) had potential for improving appearance of bunches and maintaining the quality of berries during long-term storage, and significantly reduced quality deterioration. Stems were greener and berry drop and decay incidence were more effectively controlled when fruit were sealed in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and the bags were subsequently perforated.     

浅谈巫溪县夏秋蚕生产潜力

栽桑养蚕是巫溪县农村的传统产业,是蚕区农民致富奔小康的骨干项目。自上世纪80年代初,县委、县府就已将栽桑养蚕作为农村特色产业大力发展,1988年首次突破万担茧大关,发种量达到2万张,蚕农收入逾500万元;丝厂绸厂从无到有逐渐完善,农、工、贸产业链已基本形成。全县12个乡镇、88个养蚕村、2万余农户,8万多人口从事栽桑养蚕;在地桑0.8亿株、年养蚕4万余张、产茧1 000t、收入1 600万元以上。2006年《重庆市百万担优质蚕茧产业化工程“十一五”发展规划》把巫溪等渝东南10个区市县列为重庆市生产优质蚕茧最适宜区域重点发展,规划我县在“十一五”期内达到2 500t优质蚕茧的规模。要达到这一目标,摆在我们面前的任务是如何深挖潜力,努力提高蚕茧单产,特别是努力提高夏秋蚕单张产量,为整体提高全县养蚕的科技水平,作出自己新的贡献。1基本概况1.1自然概况我县位于渝陕鄂交汇处,东经108°44′~109°58′,北纬31°14′~31°44′之间,最低海拔135m,最高海拔2 797m(阴条岭山为重庆第一峰),由于海拔差异大,形成了独特的立体气候,素有“一山兼四季、十里不同天”的美称。终年气候温和,雨量充沛,日照时间长...     

山区效益农(林)业发展研究

通过论述效益农（林）业特征和作用的基础上，围绕浙江山区效益农（林）业的三种主要类型（龙头企业带动型，特色品牌型，生态观光型）进行剖析。同时在分析浙江山区效益农（林）业存在的问题的基础上，提出了发展效益农（林）业的目标和对策。     

射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展

粮食的储藏与加工是保障国家粮食安全的重要环节。射频技术凭借具有穿透深度大、加热迅速、整体加热、无化学残留等特点,已广泛应用于粮食产后研究,并在部分领域工业化应用前景广阔。为深入了解射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展,本文首先对射频技术展开概述,阐述了射频加热的基本原理,并对目前商业化应用的射频加热系统的类型与特点进行介绍;从粮食与储粮害虫的介电特性、储粮害虫的耐热性和粮食的加热均匀性改善三个方面概述了目前射频在粮食储藏与加工中的基础研究;在此基础上,结合生产中面临的实际问题对该技术在粮食产后杀虫、灭菌、钝酶和干燥等方面的应用进行了总结;最后,就该技术应用于粮食储藏与加工尚存的问题与未来研究方向提出了建议。本文可为射频技术在粮食储藏与加工中的应用研究提供指导作用。     

月季切花瓶插期生理变化与衰老关系的研究

月季切花瓶插期间花瓣中可溶性蛋白质在瓶插初期增加，后期下降。采后花瓣中总游离氨基酸和游离碱性氨基酸含量逐渐上升，游离酸性氨基酸在瓶插前期变化波动不定，但当花瓣衰老时急剧增加。保鲜剂处理（2%蔗糖 250ppm8-HQ 500ppm柠檬酸 25ppmAgNO3）能降低氨基酸的上升幅度。花瓣衰老过程中游离氨含量和组织pH值上升，花青素含量下降，保鲜剂处理能阻碍游离氨和pH值的增加，但加快了花青素下降的速率。本文还讨论了切花衰老时花瓣蓝变的原因。     

温室喷雾-水膜降温系统研究

为了解决夏季温室高温问题,研制了温室喷雾-水膜降温系统,本文论述了该系统的结构及性能,讨论了各种有关因素对降温效果的影响,喷头和水膜材料的选择依据及其光谱特性。试验表明:采用该系统用纤维膜作水膜材料,室内温度可降低7～8℃,比室外温度低3～4℃,湿度提高,室内温度随之上升;通风率与侧窗开启程度有关。     

温室温度和热流通量的动态模拟

提出了温室气候的动态模型,在模型中考虑到了温室内三层土壤、作物层、室内空气和覆盖物之间的传导、对流、太阳辐射和热辐射以及潜热交换,在此基础上,研究了比利时典型天气条件下温室内的温度和热流通量的变化,认为室内气温主要取决于室外气温、太阳辐射和热辐射,所以,对玻璃温室的对流传热损失和塑料大棚的热辐射损失必须引起足够重视。     

Comparative study of the intestinal microbial community of wild and cultured kaluga sturgeon,Huso dauricus

The kaluga, Huso dauricus (Georgi 1775), is a large‐sized semi‐anadromous sturgeon native to the Amur River basin. Gut microbes play an important role in the growth and development of fish. Because wild samples of this species are difficult to obtain, very few studies have analysed the microbial community of the kaluga gut. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing to determine differences in the intestinal microbial communities of wild and cultured kaluga, to lay the foundation for development of micro‐ecological preparations that might ultimately assist with conserving wild kaluga by benefitting sturgeon aquaculture. Two 2‐year‐old (wild) fish collected from the Heilongjiang River basin were size‐ and age‐matched with two 2‐year‐old (cultured) fish obtained from a breeding base in Yunnan Province, for molecular analysis of gut samples. In total, 483,008 16S rRNA sequences were obtained. The intestinal microbial diversity was greater in the wild kaluga than in the cultured fish. The dominant phyla in the gut community of wild kaluga were Proteobacteria (47.9%), Fusobacteria (30.5%) and Firmicutes (8.85%), whereas samples from the cultured kaluga were dominated by Fusobacteria (78%). This result may be attributed to differences in environmental conditions, particularly water quality and temperature, as well as diet between the wild and cultured animals. The findings provide basic data to assist further research and the development of feed as a part of artificial breeding technology.     

PP_(333)处理水仙对矿质营养吸收的效应

化学肥料的广泛应用虽然大大提高了作物的生产能力,但是由它引起的水源污染和土地质量下降却使人们产生了严重的忧虑。通过改良作物品种和改进施肥方法,提高肥料利用率已有了大量的研究。目前,利用植物生长调节剂改变作物的矿质营养吸收特性已成为热门的研究课题之一。 已经发现,在多种作物中,PP_(333)会改变组织内矿质营养元素的含量。Swietlik和Miller(1984)报道,PP_(333)增加苹果幼苗叶片和枝干中钙的含量,减少钾的含量。Atkinson(1986)发现施用PP_(333)后,苹果叶片中钾和磷的含量减少,不过在田间条件下叶片中含氮量增加,而在盆栽时叶片含氮减少。相反,Wielanc和Wampel(1985)认为PP_(333)对苹果幼苗叶片和根组织内氮、磷、钾和镁水平无显著的影响。由于PP_(333)抑制了植株生长和改变了植株体内养分的分配。故组织内营养元素的含量变化不能反映植株对矿质营养元素吸收的实际情况。本试验的目的是通过水培的方法,研究PP_(333)处理对水仙植株吸收矿质营养元素的效应。