High Temperature During Rice Grain Filling Enhances Aspartate Metabolism in Grains and Results in Accumulation of Aspartate-Family Amino Acids and Protein Components

Global warming causes the exacerbation of rice growing environment, which seriously affects rice growth and reproduction, and finally results in the decrease of rice yield and quality. We investigated the activities of aspartate metabolism enzymes in grains, and the contents of Aspartate-family amino acids and protein components to further understand the effects of high temperature (HT) on rice nutritional quality during rice grain filling. Under HT, the average activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and aspartokinase (AK) in grains significantly increased, the amino acid contents of aspartate (Asp), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met) and isoleucine (Ile) and the protein contents of albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin also significantly increased. The results indicated that HT enhanced Asp metabolism during rice grain filling and the enhancement of Asp metabolism might play an important role in the increase of Asp-family amino acids and protein components in grains. In case of the partial appraisal of the change of Asp-family amino acids and protein components under HT, we introduced eight indicators (amino acid or protein content, ratio of amino acid or protein, amino acid or protein content per grain and amino acid or protein content per panicle) to estimate the effects of HT. It is suggested that HT during rice grain filling was benefit for the accumulation of Asp-family amino acids and protein components. Combined with the improvement of Asp-family amino acid ratio in grains under HT, it is suggested that HT during grain filling may improve the rice nutritional quality. However, the yields of parts of Asp-family amino acids and protein components were decreased under HT during rice grain filling.     

水稻苗期氮素吸收及其相关性状的QTL分析

以来自于Koshihikari/Kasalath//Koshihikari的回交重组自交系群体为材料,采用流动液体培养和同位素示踪技术,对水稻苗期氮素吸收速率及其相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明,地上部干质量(SW)、根系干质量(RW)、根冠比(R/S)、地上部相对生长速率(RGRS)和根相对生长速率(RGRR)等与氮素吸收力(NAA)和氮素吸收速率(NAR)密切相关。在SW、RW、植株含氮量、NAA、高氮下的氮吸收速率(HNAE)和低氮下的氮吸收速率(LNAE)上分别检测到1、4、1、3、1和1个主效QTL,主要分布在第6、7、8和10染色体上;R/S、RGRS和RGRR没有检测到主效QTL;NAA、LNAE和RW间存在明显的QTL一因多效或邻近表达现象。     

灌浆结实期高温对水稻籽粒蔗糖及降解酶活性的影响

选用水稻品种越光和笹锦为材料,在开花后设置自然温度和高温两种处理,研究了不同温度处理下籽粒蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量的动态变化以及蔗糖合酶、液泡型转化酶和细胞壁结合型转化酶活性的差异。高温处理下,蔗糖合酶活性值大于转化酶活性值,且与淀粉积累速率呈显著正相关,表明蔗糖合酶在蔗糖的分解和淀粉的合成过程中起着重要作用;高温下两品种籽粒的蔗糖含量明显增加,但分解的葡萄糖和果糖含量并未相应增加,表明高温有利于籽粒中蔗糖的积累,而不利于籽粒中蔗糖的分解。高温下蔗糖合酶、液泡型转化酶和细胞壁结合型转化酶活性明显下降,表明蔗糖分解速率的下降与蔗糖合酶和转化酶活性下降有关。     

灌浆结实期弱光对水稻籽粒淀粉积累及相关酶活性的影响

 选用IR72（籼稻）和日本晴（粳稻）为材料，在开花后进行遮光处理，对弱光条件下籽粒淀粉和直链淀粉含量的动态变化及相关酶的活性进行了研究。在弱光条件下，两品种籽粒的淀粉含量减少，直链淀粉含量下降，蔗糖含量降低，ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性的变化较小，可溶性淀粉合成酶和颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶活性减弱，可溶性淀粉分支酶Q酶和颗粒结合型淀粉分支酶活性增强，淀粉去分支酶活性因品种而异，IR72表现为减弱，日本晴则为增强。相关分析表明，遮光下蔗糖输入量的减少量和淀粉合成量的下降量呈显著正相关；ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分支酶活性与淀粉积累速率呈显著正相关。分析指出，遮光下淀粉合成酶活性的降低与淀粉合成量的下降有关，淀粉分支酶活性的升高是直链淀粉占淀粉总量的比率减少的重要原因。     

Effect of High Temperature on Sucrose Content and Sucrose Cleaving Enzyme Activity in Rice Grain During the Filling Stage

Global warming is due to continuous increase in greenhouse effect caused by human productive activities. Much attention has been paid to the influence brought by the increase of temperature on crop growth. Many researches in China and other countries are …     

Effects of Weak Light on Starch Accumulation and Starch Synthesis Enzyme Activities in Rice at the Grain Filling Stage

Photosynthetic product in rice plant is transported to grains mainly in the form of sucrose. Sucrose in the grains eventually becomes starch through a series of enzymatic reactions [1-2]. The starch weight accounts for 90% of the brown rice [3-4], so the course of the rice grain filling is the biochemical process in which starch is mainly formed, and the factor of light is indispensable at the course. Much research has been conducted to study the influence of the light on the grain starch synt…     

灌浆结实期弱光对水稻籽粒蔗糖及其降解酶活性的影响

选用IR72（籼稻）和日本睛（粳稻）,在开花后遮光处理,对弱光条件下籽粒蔗糖含量的动态变化和降解酶的活性进行了研究。结果表明：两品种籽粒的蔗糖含量减少,蔗糖分解加快,蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性下降,液泡型转化酶（VCI）和细胞壁结合型转化酶（WCI）活性提高。即在弱光条件下,转化酶活性的提高加快了蔗糖的分解。相关分析表明,蔗糖合成酶活性、细胞壁结合型转化酶活性与淀粉积累速率显著正相关。说明这两种酶在蔗糖的分解和淀粉的合成过程中起着十分重要的作用。