大茴香油聚合树脂的合成及应用研究

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂 ,无水AlCl3作催化剂 ,由大茴香油在室温下反应 4h ,合成了聚合物大茴香油聚合树脂 (简称PAOR) ,凝固点降低法测定了树脂的分子质量 ,对树脂进行IR、UV测试分析 ,并考察了树脂对桔皮色素的柱层析吸附分离性能。结果表明 ,合成树脂的分子质量约 1.0 2× 10 3,PAOR在 965cm- 1吸收峰减弱 ,在 70 0～ 80 0cm- 1之间出现 3个新峰 ;PAOR紫外最大吸收峰蓝移 11nm ,表明大茴香油中的双键参与了聚合反应 ,产物中存在芳环三取代物。讨论了反应机理 ,PAOR对桔皮色素有良好的吸附作用 ,树脂的重复使用性较好。     

南方古树腐朽菌的鉴别及治理

文章描述了中国南方15种古树腐朽菌子实体的形态特征,为园林工作者对病原菌的鉴定和防治提供参考.     

黑龙江省农田土壤蓄水量盈亏状况的垂直变化规律研究

以农田土壤水分实测资料为基础 ,依据农田土壤水分常数与作物生长发育的关系创建了土壤蓄水量盈亏值指标。选择 3个典型站点研究黑龙江省农田土壤水分盈亏状况的垂直变化规律 ,结果为 :海伦从表层到 5 0 cm各个土层均为盈余 ,而且随深度的增加盈余先增加后下降 ,2 0 cm处为最高值 ;泰来的土壤水分从表层到 30 cm为增加 ,之后又下降 ,而且以 2 0 cm为界将盈余区与亏缺区划分开 ;总平均来看 ,宝清土壤水分随深度呈减少趋势 ,盈余减小 ,亏缺增大     

栓皮栎优树选择标准和方法的初步研究

优树选择是人们在短期内进行林木遗传改良的重要手段。分别应用平均木标准差对比法、小样地法、综合评分法对 4株 30年左右的预选树进行分析 ,初步制定出栓皮栎选优标准 ,确定 SPL- 0 4为优树。研究结果表明 ,应用小样地法进行栓皮栎选优较客观、正确 ,工作量较少 ;可以预选树为中心 ,以 2 0 m为半径设置样圆 ,分别计算预选树和平均木胸径、树高、栓皮厚度的差与平均木的比值 m D,m H和 m T,若预选树生长量指标 m D≥ 4 0 % ,m H≥ 30 % ,m T≥ 1 4 0 % ,且形质指标符合要求 ,则可确定为优树     

高寒牧区当年生人工混播草地建植试验

通过试验证明，在碌曲县高寒草甸草地区建立一年生人工草地，采取禾本科与豆科牧草混播，可明显提高草地产革量和牧草品质。由于草层结构合理，促进了产草量的提高，混播草地产草量较单播平均提高26％，差异极显著(P＜0．01)；混播处理茎叶比明显低于单播，其中燕麦抽穗期降低0．56，完熟期降低2．55，说明随着牧草生长期的延长，混播草地叶量明显增加，主要是由于箭筈豌豆的介入而使茎叶比显著降低，牧草品质变优。     

施苯菌灵抑制丛枝菌根真菌对污染土壤-玉米系统镉迁移的影响

【目的】为探讨土壤丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对污染土壤-作物系统Cd迁移行为的影响。【方法】采用云南兰坪铅锌矿周边重金属污染的土壤,开展室内试验,施杀真菌剂 (苯菌灵) 特异性抑制土壤土著AMF,研究抑制AMF对玉米生长、Cd含量与累积量、土壤Cd淋溶流失的影响。【结果】结果表明:(1)施苯菌灵显著抑制土壤AMF生长,导致AMF侵染率、孢子数、土壤球囊霉素相关蛋白(Glomalin related soil protein,GRSP)含量显著降低;并显著影响玉米生长与矿质营养,导致玉米地上部生物量、叶绿素与磷含量增加,而地上部氮钾含量降低。(2)施苯菌灵促进Cd向玉米根部和地上部迁移,主要富集在玉米地上部,导致玉米地上部的Cd含量和累积量显著增加。(3)施苯菌灵导致10 cm和20 cm壤中流的Cd浓度显著增加。此外,土壤GRSP含量与玉米地上部Cd累积量和壤中流的Cd流失浓度均呈极显著负相关。【结论】研究结果表明,土壤土著AMF有助于抑制土壤Cd向植株地上部迁移,减少壤中流Cd的流失浓度,降低污染土壤-作物系统Cd的环境迁移。     

Soil disinfestation options in Aydın province,Turkey, strawberry cultivation

Two field experiments were conducted in the two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 in strawberry-growing areas of Aydin province of Turkey to (a) compare soil solarization and metam sodium (MS) combinations with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF); and (b) evaluate strawberry fruit yield, soilborne disease and weed control efficacy. Disinfestation treatments were as follows: (i) raised bed solarization for about 6 weeks, (ii) raised bed solarization for 3 weeks, (iii) raised bed solarization for 2 weeks + MS (50 ml m^-2), (iv) MS (50 ml m^-2) with LPDE (v) MS (100 ml m^-2) with LDPE, (vi) MS (50 ml m^-2) with VIF, (vii) MS (100 ml m^-2) with VIF. Results indicated that Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium spp. were the major fungal pathogens isolated from the crown of dead or dying plants in both cropping seasons. MS treatment (100 ml m^-2) through the drip irrigation system under LDPE sheet or VIF reduced soilborne diseases significantly while reduced dosage of MS (50 ml m^-2) under LDPE or VIF and in combination with 2-week soil solarization controlled the soilborne diseases to a greater extent than soil solarization treatments. All treatments controlled the following weed species: Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Poa annua, Alopecurus myosuroides, Matricaria chamomilla, Digitaria sanguinalis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Seteria verticillata, Chenopodium album, Stelleria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Echinochloa cruss-galli, Veronica hederifolia, Lamium amplexicaule and Silybum marianum. None of the treatments provided acceptable control of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Metam sodium application (100 ml m^-2) significantly increased yields by 18.5% and 14.5% in the 2005/2006 and 21.6% and 18.5% in the 2006/2007 season under LDPE and VIF, respectively, while marketable fruit yield was not significantly increased by soil solarization treatments in either trial. There was no significant difference between MS applications under LDPE and VIF for the weed and disease control, and marketable fruit yield.     

SPOT 5与HJ遥感影像用于冬小麦氮素监测的效果对比

为探讨HJ遥感影像对冬小麦氮素监测的适用性,利用同期获取的SPOT5和HJ1B遥感影像,结合同步地面取样测试,从传感器的光谱响应、监测模型精度以及叶片氮含量空间填图3个方面,对冬小麦氮素的遥感影像监测效果进行了分析与评价。结果表明,两类遥感影像的3个波段反射率及植被指数与小麦叶片氮含量均密切相关,其中,SPOT5影像的最优模型植被指数为GNDVI（绿色归一化植被指数）,HJ1B影像的最优模型植被指数为NDVI（归一化植被指数）,SPOT5影像在监测精度上优于HJ1B影像,但差别不大。填图结果表明,除地块较破碎地带外,利用HJ1B影像反演填图所得的小麦叶片氮含量在空间分布上与SPOT5影像结果比较一致。说明利用SPOT5与HJ遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况都是可行的,而HJ遥感影像在一定精度要求范围内能够替代SPOT5等遥感影像的监测效果。     

铅在草鱼体内的富集及其对组织结构的影响

以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)鱼种为受试对象,采用浸浴法在系列铅离子(Pb2+)质量浓度下暴露4 d,检测了草鱼鱼苗肝脏、鳃、肌肉、鳞片对Pb2+的累积作用及其对肝脏和鳃组织结构的影响。结果表明,草鱼鱼种各个器官对Pb2+的累积量随着浓度的升高和时间的延长而增多;草鱼的不同组织对Pb2+的累积量有较大的差异,24、48、72 h对铅累积作用由大到小为:鳃>内脏>鳞片>肌肉,96 h对铅累积作用由大到小为:内脏>鳃>鳞片>肌肉;铅暴露后的草鱼鱼苗肝细胞出现肿大,大小不一,核萎缩变形,并偏离中心,被挤至细胞边缘,细胞间隙明显增大,细胞排列混乱;鳃组织中鳃小片之间出现弯曲、融合现象,容易断裂,鳃小片的顶端充血,呈球状或棒状。暴露时间越长,铅对草鱼的肝脏和鳃组织结构损害程度越严重。     

A Method for Energy Efficient Assessment and Labeling of Residential Buildings

There exists the shortage of holistic building energy efficiency assessment models which consider the uncertain or incomplete information, whereas most previous studies focus on building energy consumption via computer simulation.To tackle the above deficiency, an energy assessment and labeling model of residential buildings was proposed based on the theory of evidence and the national and local building erergy efficlency standards.A method has been achieved by applying the model in residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter area.A computer software toolkit was developed based on the above method.To demonstrated and validated the proposed method, a case study was addressed with the software toolkit.Meanwhile, the same project was assessed with the ‘Assessment standard for energy efficient buildings’.It is found that the two methods are in good agreement and the proposed method can deal with the uncertain information.