Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate promotes leucine metabolism and improves muscle fibre composition in growing pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess leucine (Leu) vs. its metabolites α‐ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB) on Leu metabolism, muscle fibre composition and muscle growth in growing pigs. Thirty‐two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets for 45 days: basal diet, basal diet + 1.25% L‐Leu, basal diet + 1.25% KIC‐Ca, basal diet + 0.62% HMB‐Ca. Results indicated that relative to the basal diet and HMB groups, Leu and KIC groups exhibited increased Leu concentrations and decreased concentrations of isoleucine, valine and EAAs in selected muscle (p < 0.05) and had lower mRNA levels of MyHC I and higher expression of MyHC IIx/IIb (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the basal and HMB‐supplemented groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of AMPKα and UCP3 were higher but the myostatin mRNA levels were lower in the soleus muscle of the HMB group than those from other groups (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that doubling dietary Leu content exerted growth‐depressing effects in growing pigs; dietary KIC supplementation induced muscular branched‐chain amino acid imbalance and promoted muscle toward a more glycolytic phenotype; while dietary HMB supplementation promoted the generation of more oxidative muscle types and increased muscle growth specially in oxidative skeletal muscle, and these effects of HMB might be associated with the AMPKα‐Sirt1‐PGC‐1α axis and mitochondrial biogenesis.     

1-MCP对杏果实采后贮藏品质的影响

以凯特杏果实为试验材料,研究了1甲基环丙烯(1MCP)对果实采后贮藏品质特性的影响。结果表明:使用1.0μL/L1MCP处理杏果实后,可以显著地降低乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率,显著地抑制叶绿素的降解和类胡萝卜素的增加,促进类黄酮和总酚的积累,延缓果实抗坏血酸含量和硬度的下降,但对可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量无明显效果。     

绿色GDP中森林资源核算研究进展

绿色GDP核算是通过将资源环境成本纳入国民经济核算中来实现环境管理的一种有效的经济手段,其中如何合理地进行森林资源核算是绿色GDP核算的技术重点。从森林资源核算的内涵、理论与实践等角度进行了回顾与探讨,并指出在今后的研究中应进一步探索和完善现有的核算方法体系,加强森林经济、专业统计与绿色GDP核算的协调性研究,建立基于信息技术的森林经济、统计、绿色GDP核算一体化的整合体系,逐步克服技术、观念和制度等方面的困难,从而加快全面实施绿色GDP核算进程。     

利它素对中华通草蛉不同龄期幼虫捕食行为的影响

本文测定了棉蚜及棉花嫩梢不同溶剂提取液对中华通草蛉捕食行为的影响。结果表明，棉花受害嫩梢及未受害嫩梢提取液对中华通草蛉幼虫捕食行为无明显影响；棉蚜虫体浆液、棉蚜水提液，均含有很强的利它素活性物质，而棉蚜无水乙醇提取液利它素活性物质含量甚微，中华通草蛉各龄幼虫对棉蚜水提液均表现有明显的滞留和调转行为。     

基于模糊物元方法的温室采暖模式评价

针对目前温室采暖综合环境调控存在的问题,建立了温室采暖模式评价指标体系,提出了基于模糊物元理论方法的温室采暖模式选择的综合评价方法,介绍了该方法的原理.以哈尔滨市香坊农场为例,进行了实证评价分析,将模糊物元方法分析结果与灰色关联投影法和投影寻踪方法的分析结果进行了对比分析,所得结果方案排序基本一致,且与实际情况相符.这说明,该方法用于温室采暖模式选择是行之有效的,可以用于我国日光温室采暖模式选择的定量分析.     

基于模糊物元方法的日光温室节水灌溉模式评价研究

本文建立了温室灌溉模式评价指标体系,提出了基于模糊物元理论方法的温室灌溉模式选择的综合评价方法,介绍了该方法的原理.并以哈尔滨香坊农场为例进行了实证评价分析,并采用灰色关联投影法和投影寻踪方法对模糊物元方法分析结果进行对比分析,所得结果方案排序基本一致且与实际情况相符,说明该方法用于温室灌溉模式选择是有效的.     

南方桉树人212林雨雪冰冻经济损失评估与分析

针对雨雪冰冻灾害未满5年轮伐期的4类重灾林分开展经济损失评估.结果表明:在萌蘖经营前,不同重灾林分的经营成本与产量均有所差异,只有4年生的重灾林分木材利润为正值,其平均净收入和平均利润分别为16 907.20元·hm-2和2 480.85元·hm-2;其余类型的重灾林分因为经营期较短,木材产量较低不足以完全抵销经营期内的成本.在萌蘖经营中,亦只有4年生重灾林分的收益高于未受灾林分(CK),其平均净现值(NPV)、内部收益率(IRR)和产出投入比(B/C)分别达18 114.00元·hm-2、57.95%和3.52,比最低分别高98.56%,39.21%和65.79%.不同类型萌蘖经营的NFV和IRR与木材价格和木材产量成正比,而与经营成本和贴现率成反比,IRR不随贴现率的变化而变动.本文还就如何提高灾后桉树人工林的经济效益进行了商讨.     

Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψ_m and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.     

乳牛曲霉病的诊断

１９９９年７月循化县积石镇韩某家的１头乳牛和１头哺乳犊牛发生以流涎、流泪、呼吸困难、腹泻为特征的疾病。急宰后送检肺、肝、肾及淋巴结，经调查和化验，确诊为曲霉病。１病因调查本户共养４头牛，本病发生在１头乳牛和哺乳犊牛，另２头育肥公牛未见发病。本户牛舍狭窄采光不良，恰逢３ｄ阴雨，空气湿度相对大，平均气温３０℃左右。牛舍及运动地泥泞不堪，空气流通不畅，卫生状况不佳。牛的饲养标准过高，每头每天饲喂精料 １０ｋｇ，配方：玉米３０％，麸皮４２％，豆饼２５％，盐和其它矿物质３％。上述贮存饲料均有不同程度霉变，…