Estimating spatial mean soil water contents of sloping jujube orchards using temporal stability

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents from point-scale measurements is important to improve soil water management in sloping land of semiarid areas. Temporal stability analysis, as a statistical technique to estimate soil water content, is an effective tool in terms of facilitating the upscaling estimation of mean values. The objective of this study was to examine temporal stability of soil water profiles (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 0–60 cm) in sloping jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) orchards and to estimate field mean root-zone soil water based on temporal stability analysis in the Yuanzegou catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau, using soil water observations under both dry and wet soil conditions. The results showed that different time-stable locations were identified for different depths and the temporal stability of soil water content in 20–40 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) weaker than that in other depths. Moreover, these time-stable locations had relatively high clay contents, relatively mild slopes and relatively planar surfaces compared to the corresponding field means. Statistical analysis revealed that the temporal stability of root zone soil water (0–60 cm) was higher in either dry or wet season than that including both, and soil water exhibited very low temporal stability during the transition period from dry to wet. Based on the temporal stability analysis, field mean soil water contents were estimated reasonably (R² from 0.9560 to 0.9873) from the point measurements of these time-stable locations. Since the terrains in this study are typical in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau, the results presented here should improve soil water management in sloping orchards in the Loess Plateau.     

陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊在青海湟源地区的生态适应性分析

为评定引入青海省湟源县良种肉羊繁育基地的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种的生态适应性,对其18个生理生化指标进行了系统测定分析,结果表明：①引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种大多数生理生化指标在品种内或不同品种间的不同性别、不同年龄个体间以及同性别、同年龄个体间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。②两绵羊品种所测血浆CO2结合力远超出本地藏绵羊水平;体温（T）、呼吸频率（R）、脉搏（P）和瘤胃蠕动频率以及白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白含量（HGB）的测定结果均大致在本地藏绵羊的各生理指标测定范围之内。③与已引入青海牧区的小尾寒羊大多数生理生化指标相比,本次引进的小尾寒羊在经过一段时间的适应性饲养后,其大多数生理生化指标已与其基本接近或一致;同时,引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊与原产地相应品种在基础生理指标上相比较接近。     

Hapseeker:一个分析单倍型的C++程序(英文)

The C++ program: Hapseeker was developed to analyze DNA or RNA sequence, besides, Hapseeker could be used to identify haplotype, calculate frequency of each haplotype as well as find variable site quickly. Moreover, Hapseeker had many advantages such as simple operation, rapid running speed and high accuracy.     

Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fruiting Body of Armillaria luteo-virens

The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method.21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids,taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.     

Simulation Study of the Impact of Permanent Groundcover on Soil and Water Changes in Jujube Orchards on Sloping Ground

Land degradation is recognized as a major environmental problem in rainfed fruit orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Six treatments were used to investigate surface runoff and soil moisture by means of simulated rainfall experiments: (i) a control (clean cultivation) (CC); (ii) strip cock's foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cover (SCF); (iii) strip crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) cover (SCV); (iv) strip bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cover (SBF); (v) strip white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cover (SWC); and (vi) complete white clover cover (WCC). The time to runoff was significantly longer under WCC than under other treatments (p < 0·05). The total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly greater under CC than under the vegetation cover treatments (p < 0·05). The mean infiltration rate under WCC and CC was the largest and lowest and differed significantly from that under other treatments (p < 0·05). The change of soil water storage was the largest under WCC and the least under CC. The soil moisture was significantly greater under SCF than under other treatments (p < 0·05). Treatment SCF seemed to be the best groundcover for rainfed sloping jujube orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

实体水-虚拟水"二维三元"耦合流动理论基本框架

在变化环境下,区域水资源系统演变规律正在发生深刻变化。解决新形势下出现的水问题单单依靠传统的实体水资源规划、调度和调控手段还不够。虚拟水概念和理论的提出拓展了水文水资源的认知范畴,丰富了水问题的解决手段。然而,如何搭建虚拟水理论与传统水文水资源认知体系的统一框架,认识自然-经济-社会连续系统中水资源演化的新规律,目前学界还没有成熟统一的看法。该文首先提出了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动效应的基本理论框架,指出实体水-虚拟水耦合流动是现代环境下自然-经济-社会水资源系统呈现的新特征。其次,从文明进步和生产力发展角度,论述了人类社会水文水资源系统的演化历史,将水文水资源系统演进大体分为三个阶段:早期的实体水"一维一元"自然循环阶段,近现代的实体水"二元"水循环阶段和当前的实体水-虚拟水"二维三元"耦合流动阶段。最后,该文详细论述了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动过程的路径结构,并针对其流动过程和状态表征提出了定量表达方程,初步构建了实体水-虚拟水耦合流动基本理论框架。     

土壤改良剂改土培肥增产效应研究综述

土壤改良剂研究已是近年来国内外广泛关注的热点,在对土壤改良剂发展及其种类进行简要回顾的基础上,对土壤改良剂的改土培肥效应(物理结构、化学特性、生化特性)、作物增产效应及其施用技术进行了较为全面的分析和评述,并提出了目前存在的问题和展望了土壤改良剂的研究趋势。     

土壤结构改良剂在节水农业中的研究与应用

为了充分了解土壤结构改良剂在节水农业中的研究应用现状,本文从作用机理、田间应用技术和效果等几个方面介绍土壤改良剂的应用现状。在此基础上,提出了土壤改良剂在节水农业应用中需要进一步解决的问题,指出了必须深入系统地研究不同土壤结构改良剂的田间实际应用效果,进一步研究有关土壤结构改良剂尤其是残留单体对环境的负面影响。     

新疆精准农业的发展策略

通过对在新疆发展精准农业技术的利弊分析，提出了适合于新疆的精准农业技术的应用发展策略。为适应农业生产的高产、高效和可持续发展，精准农业技术的推广应用势在必行。     

模拟垄沟灌溉土壤水分入渗特性试验研究

采用土箱进行模拟垄沟灌溉入渗试验,探索垄沟灌溉条件下土壤水分的入渗特性.研究结果表明:垄沟灌溉入渗时,湿润锋水平方向与垂直方向的运移距离与入渗时间呈幂函数正相关,其垂向运移距离明显大干一般沟灌;灌水时沟中与垄坡剖面的含水率迅速增加,再分布过程中在水平向水势梯度的作用下垄上剖面的含水率也不断增加,适当减小垄宽可以减少灌溉...