用"母犊素"提高产母犊率的应用试验

应用“母犊素“分别对荷斯坦牛、西门塔尔牛、杂种牛和土种牛提高产母犊率的试验,结果表明试验组牛平均产母犊率为763%,对照组为38.4%,比对照组提高37.9%,差异极显著(p＜0.01).品种间的差异不明显,产母犊率最高的为杂种牛达81.0%,取得了较为理想的效果.     

平欧杂种榛果实经济性状与综合评价

为了对优良品种的选育提供科学依据,以进入盛果期的不同品系平欧杂种榛果实为研究对象,采用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析对果实经济性状进行统计分析。结果表明:供试平欧杂种榛的坚果质量2.10~3.90 g,坚果三径均值16.80~22.39 mm,果仁质量0.85~1.50 g,果壳厚度1.38~2.17 mm,果腔系数0.60~0.89,出仁率25.05%~45.32%;供试平欧杂种榛品系坚果性状、果仁性状和出仁性状之间均存在显著差异,变异系数7.60%~35.49%;在品种选育时,坚果、果仁的质量和整齐度选择空间最大,坚果形状指数和三径均值以及果仁三径均值的选择余地最小,各经济性状间存在不同程度的相关性,通过聚类分析,将供试平欧杂种榛划分为3类;影响平欧杂种榛果实经济性状的主要指标为出仁率、果腔系数、果仁质量、果仁形状指数和壳厚。根据经济性状的综合得分值,筛选出84-41、83-33、B-21、B-3和84-310等品系的坚果综合经济性状较优。     

Size and shape of fine quartz in the clay fraction of soils and geological materials

Fine clay fractions of two soils and five geological materials including three formed in late Wisconsinan glacial rock flour were separated by decantation and centrifugation procedures. X-ray diffractograms (XRD) showed mica and chlorite as the main components. Pyrosulfate fusion which removed the phyllosilicates and iron oxides revealed presence of quartz and some feldspars. After dilute H₂SiF₆ treatment, blade-shaped, platy and sheroidal particles mainly of 0.2–0.1 μm size were observed by scanning electron microscope. Fine feldspars and quartz were found to be susceptible to the chemical treatments. On treatment with diluted H₂SiF₆ + HF + H₃BO₃, the crystallinity of fine quartz was considerably decreased as indicated by a very broad diffraction maximum at a spacing of about 4 Å.     

Alpha basic crystallin expression in canine mammary tumors

The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic and/or diagnostic factors of canine mammary tumors by immunohistochemically analyzing the expression of alpha basic crystallin (αB-c). For this, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of 51 naturally-occurring canine mammary tumors (11 benign and 40 malignant) were used. Tissue from eight normal canine mammary glands were served as a control. Immunohistochemically, in the control mammary tissues, a few luminal epithelial cells were αB-c positive but myoepithelial cells were negative. In benign or simple type malignant tumors, αB-c expression was observed in luminal epithelial cells while the myoepithelial basal cells were negative. In benign or complex type malign tumors, positive staining was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Immunoreactivity of αB-c was also observed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Statistically, the number of cells immunolabeled with αB-c was found to be significantly different among tissues from normal canine mammary glands, benign lesions, and malignant tumors (p < 0.05). αB-c immunoreactivity was higher in malignant tumors than the control mammary tissues (p < 0.001). Data obtained in the current study revealed a strong association between high expression levels of αB-c and primary mammary gland tumors in canines.     

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and danofloxacin (DNX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. The study was performed on twenty‐four calves that were determined to be premature by anamnesis and general clinical examination. Premature calves were randomly divided into four groups (six premature calves/group) according to a parallel pharmacokinetic (PK) design as follows: ENR‐IV (10 mg/kg, IV), ENR‐IM (10 mg/kg, IM), DNX‐IV (8 mg/kg, IV), and DNX‐IM (8 mg/kg, IM). Plasma samples were collected for the determination of tested drugs by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector and analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Mean PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t_1/2λz) 11.16 and 17.47 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC_0‐48) 139.75 and 38.90 hr*µg/ml, and volume of distribution at steady‐state 1.06 and 4.45 L/kg, respectively. Total body clearance of ENR and DNX was 0.07 and 0.18 L hr^?1 kg^?1, respectively. The PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IM injection were t_1/2λz 21.10 and 28.41 hr, AUC_0‐48 164.34 and 48.32 hr*µg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of ENR and DNX was determined to be 118% and 124%, respectively. The mean AUC_0‐48CPR/AUC_0‐48ENR ratio was 0.20 and 0.16 after IV and IM administration, respectively, in premature calves. The results showed that ENR (10 mg/kg) and DNX (8 mg/kg) following IV and IM administration produced sufficient plasma concentration for AUC_0‐24/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum concentration (C_max)/MIC ratios for susceptible bacteria, with the MIC₉₀ of 0.5 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. These findings may be helpful in planning the dosage regimen for ENR and DNX, but there is a need for further study in naturally infected premature calves.     

哈纳斯自然保护区兽类区系与分布特征

本文以阿勒泰地区哈纳斯国家级自然保护区兽类为主,初步分析了其在调查区各生态地理单元中的组成,分布特点和区系成份等。     

不同土壤条件下灰枣叶片与果实营养品质的相关性

【目的】研究不同土壤条件(沙土、沙壤土和粘土)下,成龄灰枣树果实膨大期叶片营养成分与果实成熟期果实营养成分和品质之间相关性,为不同土壤类型下有效提升灰枣果品提供理论依据。【方法】以盛果期灰枣树作为试材,测定其在果实膨大期叶片和成熟期果实中的P、K、Ca、Mg含量,以及果实VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、糖酸比和可溶性固形物含量等品质指标。【结果】三种土壤相比,沙土的叶片Ca含量和果实糖酸比均最高,分别为(24.381±1.830) g/kg、725.167±95.195,叶片K和Mg含量,果实P和K含量,果实可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量均中等,其余测定指标均较低;沙壤土的叶片K含量、果实Ca和可滴定酸含量均最高,分别为(37.385±2.478) g/kg、(0.654±0.043) g/kg、(0.107±0.006)%,叶片P和Ca含量,果实Mg含量和果实VC含量均中等,其余测定指标均较低;粘土的叶片P和Mg含量,果实P、K和Mg含量,果实VC、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量均最高,分别为(2.622±0.134) g/kg、(7.125±0.484) g/kg、(1.168±0.061) g/kg、(11.327±0.528) g/kg、(0.422±0.015) g/kg、(15.182±2.763) mg/100 g、(70.875±3.230)%和(71.179±3.233)%,果实Ca含量、可滴定酸含量和糖酸比均中等,其余测定指标均较低。3种土壤类型条件下灰枣果实中P、K、Ca、Mg、VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量上均存在一定的差异,但在果实营养品质指标与叶片营养元素含量间的相关性基本相似,其中沙土、沙壤土和粘土灰枣叶片中P含量与果实VC含量间均有显著正相关性,相关性系数依次为0.798、0.928和0.869。【结论】灰枣叶片中的营养元素含量与果实营养品质指标间呈现一定相关性,在土壤不同类型条件下的施肥管理中,应根据土壤肥力情况制定科学合理的施肥方案,才能达到增产优质目的。     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">melongenae</Emphasis> isolates from Turkey with ISSR markers and DNA sequence analyses

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (Fomg), causal agent of Fusarium wilt of eggplant, is a serious pathogen in open fields and greenhouses. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) banding profiles, sequence analyses of inter-transcribed-spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and actin (actA) DNA regions were employed in this study to determine genetic diversity and population structure of Fomg isolates obtained from Turkey. For ISSR study, (ACTG)₅, (GACAC)₃, (GACA)₄, (GATA)₄, HVH(TG)₇ and (CA)₈RG primers were selected from a set of 16. Discriminative ability of the primers revealed with various indices including polymorphic information content (PIC), and mean PIC value was calculated as 0.26. The ISSR data revealed 31 loci belonging to 202 Fomg isolates and 14 of them were found to be polymorphic. The isolates on neighbor joining ISSR tree were grouped into two major clusters which separated Fomg and outgroup isolates. Population structure was investigated based on bayesian modeling and results indicated five subpopulations (K = 5, ?K = 205.42). Mean genetic and geographical distances among sampling locations revealed only a weak and insignificant correlation (r = 0.583, P = 0.06). Phylogenetic analyses were carried out with ITS, TEF-1α and actA DNA regions with a selected subset of 30 Fomg, along with one non-host and one outgroup isolates. Since ITS region were not able to provide a meaningful separation, TEF-1α and actA sequences of each organism were concatenated individually to build a dendrogram. The clustering tree successfully separated the Fomg, non-host and outgroup isolates in which all Fomg were located on the same branch, forming a monophyletic group in the dendrogram.     

使用粪球形态指标快速判别天山马鹿的性别

通过观察来自于新疆乌鲁木齐市南山山区的未知性别的天山马鹿种群粪便样本,依粪球形态可分为2类：子弹状、枣核状。子弹状呈短粗型,长宽比较小;枣核状呈细长型,长宽比较大。140份样品中子弹状86份、枣核状54份。通过扩增SRY基因进行分子鉴定知雄性94份、雌性46份。形态分类与实际性别吻合率88.34%,即子弹状为雄性,枣核状为雌性。并以样品长、宽平均值的比值（R）为指标快速聚类,建立了判别方程,统计指出判别结果与实际性别吻合率85.48%。结果提示今后的野外研究可直接利用粪球形态判定天山马鹿性别,长宽比判别方程可作为辅助。     

Phenology and damage of Anarsia lineatella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in peach,apricot and nectarine orchards under semi-arid conditions

This study was conducted under semi-arid conditions in ?anl?urfa province (Turkey) in 2010–2011. One orchard each of peach, apricot and nectarine was selected for the study. There was less than one mile distance separating the orchards, and therefore climate, soil and topography were similar. Adult emergence, population peaks, number of generations per year and damage of the peach twig borer [PTB] [Anarsia lineatella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] on twigs and fruits were determined. Sex pheromone traps were used to determine moth population dynamics. Fruits and twigs were checked to determine damage rate and host preference of the PTB among peach, apricot and nectarine. This study showed that the first adults of the PTB were detected in early May and pest populations peaked four times during both years. The highest numbers of adults captured by the pheromone traps in peach, apricot and nectarine orchards were 115, 86 and 70 adults/trap, respectively. The PTB damage rates on twigs were 38, 18 and 16% (2010) (P < 0.05) and 30, 22 and 14% (2011) (P < 0.05), while damage rates on fruits were 29, 6 and 6% (2010) (P < 0.05) and 14, 8 and 5% (2011) (P < 0.05) in peach, nectarine and apricot, respectively. The results showed that A. lineatella caused greater damage on peaches than on apricots and nectarines.