Histology of corpuscles of Stannius in Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)

In the present study, the location, histology and number of corpuscles of Stannius (Sc), which are endocrine glands associated with the kidneys of teleost fish, were investigated for the first time in Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi), an anadromous and endemic inhabiting Turkey's Lake Van Basin. The Sc, which were ovoid or spheroid and white or cream in colour, were found to vary in number between three and five among the examined fish. The glands were located in the caudal part of the kidney, and either partially or completely embedded, and found to be present on both the ventral and dorsal surface of either side of the caudal part of the kidney. The Sc were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that penetrated and divided the gland into incomplete lobules. Two types of cells were determined in the parenchyma of the gland. Type-I cells were predominant throughout the parenchyma and larger than the second (type-II). In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm was observed as weakly or moderately eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin staining and weakly or moderately acidophilic with Mallory's triple staining. In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm exhibited weak to moderate periodic acid-Schiff staining and slight or uniform staining with aldehyde fuchsin. The type-II cells were round, had a darkly stained spherical nucleus and were dispersed among the type-I cells. They displayed no cytoplasmic staining with the abovementioned stains.     

计算刚架的矩阵迭代法

本文在迭代法基础上推导出矩阵迭代法的计算公式。用以编制程序,可节省容量,尤其适用于袖珍计算机。     

彩色棉的研究与产业化

彩色棉是一种纤维中含有色素类物质的特殊类型的棉花，原始种多来自美洲大陆和中美洲的短纤维野生彩色棉，栽培的彩色棉大多是利用与白色棉进行杂交选育而成的。用彩色棉加工成的纺织品无需漂白、印染、消毒等传统工艺处理，不产生化学污染，衣物中不含有害成分与任何化学物质残留，是典型的环保健康产品，备受消费者的欢迎。本文简述了国内外在彩色棉遗传特性、品种选育等方面的研究以及产业化的动态，分析了彩色棉生产中存在的问题并提出了相应的解决方案。     

饲料中添加特种植物对蛋鸡生产效益的影响

研究了饲料中添加特种植物碎屑对蛋鸡生产性能及经济效益的影响结果表明:试验组与对照组的产蛋率、蛋重等均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但饲料投入减少,成本下降,效益显著增加(P<0.01)。     

Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using L-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 280 Japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (Farmagülat?r Dry Plus)/kg and 100 mg L-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. The addition of L-carnitine and sodium humate alone or in combination did not significantly affect body weight, feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion ratio, mortality, egg-shell thickness, egg yolk index and the percentages of egg-shell, albumen and yolk. Egg weight increased (P < 0.001) with L-carnitine supplementation. The values of egg albumen height (P < 0.05), egg albumen index (P < 0.01) and egg Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were increased with humate supplementation. Egg cholesterol content and blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of L-carnitine with or without humate. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation increased egg weight while humate addition increased egg albumen index and egg Haugh unit of laying quails. However, the combined administration of L-carnitine and humate did not have any significant effects on the parameters measured.     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">melongenae</Emphasis> isolates from Turkey with ISSR markers and DNA sequence analyses

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (Fomg), causal agent of Fusarium wilt of eggplant, is a serious pathogen in open fields and greenhouses. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) banding profiles, sequence analyses of inter-transcribed-spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and actin (actA) DNA regions were employed in this study to determine genetic diversity and population structure of Fomg isolates obtained from Turkey. For ISSR study, (ACTG)₅, (GACAC)₃, (GACA)₄, (GATA)₄, HVH(TG)₇ and (CA)₈RG primers were selected from a set of 16. Discriminative ability of the primers revealed with various indices including polymorphic information content (PIC), and mean PIC value was calculated as 0.26. The ISSR data revealed 31 loci belonging to 202 Fomg isolates and 14 of them were found to be polymorphic. The isolates on neighbor joining ISSR tree were grouped into two major clusters which separated Fomg and outgroup isolates. Population structure was investigated based on bayesian modeling and results indicated five subpopulations (K = 5, ?K = 205.42). Mean genetic and geographical distances among sampling locations revealed only a weak and insignificant correlation (r = 0.583, P = 0.06). Phylogenetic analyses were carried out with ITS, TEF-1α and actA DNA regions with a selected subset of 30 Fomg, along with one non-host and one outgroup isolates. Since ITS region were not able to provide a meaningful separation, TEF-1α and actA sequences of each organism were concatenated individually to build a dendrogram. The clustering tree successfully separated the Fomg, non-host and outgroup isolates in which all Fomg were located on the same branch, forming a monophyletic group in the dendrogram.     

镍胁迫对玉米幼苗氮、磷、钾积累与分配的研究

研究发现吉林省黑土中镍含量逐年增加,造成土壤理化性质恶化和玉米产量、品质降低,因此,了解镍胁迫对玉米植株生长特性的影响有重要意义。采用盆栽试验,研究了不同镍浓度（0、50、100、200、400 mg/kg）胁迫处理下玉米植株各部位的生物量、生物量分配格局以及氮、磷、钾积累和分配特征。结果表明,（1）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了玉米幼苗根、茎、叶生物量和总生物量,镍浓度大于50 mg/kg时,减少了各部位生物量及总生物量;（2）各部位对镍的吸收和积累随土壤外源镍浓度的增加而增加;（3）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了各部位的钾含量和根、茎钾的积累比例,而植株中的氮、磷含量随土壤中镍含量的增加呈降低趋势。因此得出,镍浓度为50 mg/kg的处理增加了玉米植株的生物量、根茎叶中钾含量及养分积累,改变了养分在玉米植株内的分配格局,而浓度大于50 mg/kg时抑制了玉米生长,降低了根茎叶中氮和磷的含量及积累。     

转phyA基因玉米新种质的创制

【目的】构建植酸酶基因(phyA)根部特异表达的重组植物表达载体,并利用其创制磷高效利用的玉米新种质.【方法】通过PCR方法从携带phyA的表达载体pCAMBIA3301中扩增出phyA表达元件ZmGLU1P-phyA-Nos,并将其插入到带有耐盐基因的中间载体pCAMBIA1301-BADH上,获得phyA根特异表达的植物表达载体:pCAMBIA1301-ZmGLU1P-phyA-Nos,通过农杆菌介导法转化玉米胚性愈伤组织,并对再生植株进行分子生物学检测分析.【结果和结论】经PCR检测获得了9株T0代阳性植株;T1代植株的抗盐筛选、PCR检测、Southern杂交检测及RTPCR检测证明了phyA已经整合到玉米基因组中,获得6株T1代阳性植株;T2代植株的RT-PCR及根组织的酶活性测定结果表明,phyA在转基因植株根部大量表达,植酸酶活性平均比对照植株提高了10.9倍,活性最高的达到5.432 U/g.植酸酶基因在转基因植株根部大量特异表达,获得了转phyA的玉米新种质,为创制磷高效利用的玉米新种质、提高玉米的产量奠定了基础.     

影子价格/灵敏度分析与饲料配方调整

本文探讨了对偶规划中的影子价格和灵敏度分析在饲料配方调整中的意义和作用.