Functional properties, lipoxygenase activity, and health aspects of Lupinus albus protein isolates

To utilize lupin seeds for food and pharmaceutical applications, lupin seeds were pretreated to remove oil using hexane or carbon dioxide. Two types of lupin protein isolate were prepared. Both types of protein isolate showed good foaming activity, comparable to egg white. Protein isolate extracted under acid conditions showed higher foaming activity than protein isolate extracted at neutral pH. The lipoxygenase activity was much reduced in both of the protein isolates. The protein isolate extracted at neutral pH showed a stronger angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition than the protein isolate extracted under acidic pH. In contrast, the protein isolate extracted under acid conditions had a greater sodium cholate binding capacity, comparable to that of cholestyramine. Lupin samples showed less DPPH radical scavenging activity than deoiled soybean. The deoiling method did not affect the functional properties, lipoxygenase activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, sodium cholate binding, and radical scavenging activity.     

Development of fermented surimi products using simulated tofuyo processing: associated changes in chemical composition,antioxidant activities and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition

Fisheries Science - Traditional Japanese koji-fermented tofu (tofuyo) processing was simulated to make fermented seafood. The koji fermentation process at room temperature was applied to steamed...     

Characteristics of divalent minerals extracted from liver of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus under various experimental conditions

In relation to the problem of how to utilize the waste from squid processing, we determined the proximate and mineral compositions of liver of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus, and characterized the behavior of divalent minerals, focusing in particular on cadmium removal. The squid liver contained fat (44.0 g/100 g dry matter), protein (13.5 g/100 g dry matter), and ash (2.11 g/100 g dry matter). It also contained the macrominerals sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well as the trace minerals iron, zinc, cadmium, and copper. Low- and high-pH treatments (pH 2 and 12) removed the cadmium entirely, but the trace minerals zinc, iron, and copper, as well as soluble protein, which are all important for proper functioning of the human organism, were also removed in large quantities. High percentages of soluble minerals and soluble protein were found in the low molecular weight (MW < 10,000) fraction. The solubility of zinc and copper were strongly related to the solubility of cadmium, but there was no relationship between the solubilities of magnesium and cadmium. On the other hand, while treatment with either 0.9 % NaCl or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) also removed the cadmium completely, it left some useful compounds (trace minerals and soluble protein) in the solid part, so these treatments may represent appropriate methods for removing cadmium from squid processing waste.     

Characteristics of minerals extracted from the mid-gut gland of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis at various pH values

This experiment was carried out to determine the proximate composition of the mid-gut gland (MGG) of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis to evaluate the characteristics of divalent minerals and water-soluble protein at various pHs, and to examine Cd-binding protein at different molecular weights. MGG of scallop contained protein, fat and ash of 28.9 g/100 g dry matter, 44.6 g/100 g dry matter and 6.78 g/100 dry matter, respectively. MGG also contained the macrominerals sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, and the trace minerals iron, zinc, cadmium and copper. The solubility of divalent minerals and water-soluble protein was high in both acidic and alkaline conditions, except that magnesium was not affected by acidity. The solubility of copper and iron had a positive correlation with water-soluble protein at all pH values, whereas cadmium had a strong correlation at alkaline pH. Low-molecular-weight water-soluble protein (fraction III, 437.5 < MW < 1,355) bound cadmium strongly in acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. However, in acidic conditions cadmium had the strongest binding to protein.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Monthly variation of biochemical composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from two main cultivation areas in Japan

Pacific oysters were harvested from November to March at Miyazaki and Miyagi in Japan. From biometric analysis, the condition indices (CI^CG; high CI^CG indicates large oyster meat) of oysters were high in February and March at Miyazaki whereas CI^CG at Miyagi showed high values in December and February. Lipid content in oysters at Miyagi harvested in February was the highest. Glycogen content was high in oysters harvested in February from both cultivation areas. In November, the calcium content in oysters harvested at Miyazaki was the highest. Taurine was the predominant free amino acid in oysters, at concentrations of 2180–3230 mg/100 g dry sample. Glutamate was the predominant component of total amino acid in oysters, at concentrations of 4530–6000 mg/100 g. The percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in total lipid of oysters did not show significant differences between harvesting months. Based on all analyses, oysters from Miyazaki showed good quality in March with high CI^CG, glycogen, and lipid contents, whereas oysters from Miyagi showed good quality in February. These analysis data including not only condition indices but also biochemical composition might be useful parameters allowing establishment of evaluation criteria.