Development of a kompetitive allele‐specific PCR marker for selection of the mutated Wx‐D1d allele in wheat breeding

Waxy (Wx) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of amylose in endosperm. Amylose content in wheat grain influences the quality of end‐use products. Seven alleles have been described at the Wx‐D1 locus, but only two of them (Wx‐D1b, Wx‐D1e) were genotyped with codominant markers. The waxy wheat line K107Wx1 developed by treating ‘Kanto 107’ seeds with ethyl methanesulphonate carries the Wx‐D1d allele. However, no molecular basis supports this nomenclature. In the present study, DNA sequence analysis confirmed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the sixth exon of Wx‐D1 changed tryptophan at position 301 into a termination codon. Based on this sequence variation, a PCR‐based KASP marker was developed to detect this point mutation using 68 BC₈F₁ plants and 297 BC₈F₂ lines derived from the cross ‘Ningmai 14’*9/K107Wx1. Combined with codominant markers for the Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 alleles, waxy and non‐waxy near‐isogenic lines were distinguished. The KASP marker was efficient in identifying the mutant allele and can be used to transfer waxiness to elite lines.     

基于热力学定律的太阳能利用探究

本文对太阳能的起源、传播、与物质的相互作用以及储存和利用等各个方面所涉及的物理学定律,特别是对太阳能热利用所涉及的热力学定律进行了概括和归纳。根据热力学定律指出太阳能热利用的真正适用范围。     

Anti-oxidative/oxidative status of rat liver after ovariectomy

The lack of protective action of oestrogens which appears during menopausal period may be the reason of serious metabolic disturbances including oxidative stress. The hypothesis was stated that ovariectomy may induce the variations of antioxidant/oxidant status which can be detected in rat liver. A total of 102 healthy Wistar female rats were included in the experiment and divided into control (CON; n = 6), sham-operated (SHO; n = 48) and ovariectomized (OVX; n = 48) groups. Animals from SHO (n = 6) and OVX (n = 6) groups were killed every week during 8 weeks of experiment to detect dynamic changes in examined parameters. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); superoxide dismutase (SOD)] as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, measured by the concentration of N,N,diethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DEPPD) radical, were determined in liver homogenates by the use of spectrophotometric methods. Wave-like patterns of examined parameters within 8 weeks of experiment were detected. GSH-Px activity tended to be higher in OVX animals and was significantly lower at 8th week when compared with 1st week of experiment. SOD activity was higher in SHO animals and showed significant differences between 3rd, 4th, 7th and 1st week. TAC values were significantly higher in OVX when compared with SHO groups in 2nd, 4th, 5th week and significantly lower in 3rd, 6th and 7th week of the experiment. The concentration of DEPPD radicals tended to increase in OVX group. In conclusion, ovariectomy which leads to oestrogen insufficiency is reflected as well in variation of anti-oxidative/oxidative parameters in rat liver homogenates.     

杂交棉A—92的高产生理特点与配套栽培技术探讨

就杂交棉Ａ－９２生长发育特点、干物质生产与分配，产量形成规律及配套栽培等方面进行探讨。结果表明：杂交棉Ａ－９２干物质生产与积累、籽皮棉产量、单株成铃数、铃重、总果节数、节枝比、铃枝比、叶面积系数、根系活力等均高于对照种鄂荆１号，具有明显地竞争优势。杂种主要来源于单株叶面积扩大，特别是果枝叶面积增长速度较快；产量优势主要表现为早发明显、伏明桃增多和单铃重增加。结合多年示范、试验结果，栽培技术上在适当     

继代培养基再利用研究

利用组织培养法繁育三倍体山杨继代丛生无根苗过程中,为降低育苗成本,利用回收转换后废弃的继代培养基,进行再利用试验研究,分别加入了原继代培养基１０％,２０％,３０％,４０％,５０％的母液,不加琼脂和糖,用原继代培养基做对照。     

不同腌制方法对蕨菜主要化学指标的影响

蕨菜腌制过程中若干化学指标的变化，结果表明：经过腌制，蕨菜中ＶＣ和叶绿素含量显著下降，饱和盐水法腌制蕨菜两项指标高于干腌法；饱和盐水法和干腌法的亚硝峰出现分别在腌制后的１０５ｄ和１２０ｄ，峰值为４．０μｇ．ｇ－１和２１．４μｇ．ｇ－１，两种腌制方法的蕨菜ｐＨ值在７月份均因轻微发酵作用有所下降，但并未影响蕨菜的风味；饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜食盐含量在前１５ｄ迅速增加，６０ｄ达到平衡。从感官状态看，饱和盐水法的蕨菜组织较饱满，色泽黄绿，而干腌法的蕨菜表面皱缩，色泽褐绿；综合感官和化学指标以饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜品质好于干腌法。     

盘刀式铡草机抛送性能试验研究

针对盘刀式铡草机存在的生产率低、功耗大、易堵塞等问题,以玉米秸秆为试验材料,选取不同的主轴转速、叶片倾角和秸秆含水率作为试验因素进行抛送性能试验研究。试验结果表明:各因素对抛送过程生产率影响的主次顺序为主轴转速>叶片倾角>秸秆含水率;对抛送过程功耗影响的主次顺序为主轴转速>秸秆含水率>叶片倾角。当叶片倾角为7°、主轴转速为650r/min、秸秆含水率为22.1%时,抛送过程生产率最高;当叶片倾角为11°、铡草机主轴转速为510r/min、秸秆含水率为27.3%时,抛送过程功率消耗最低;同时,得到了可用于预测铡草机抛送过程生产率和功率消耗的线性回归模型。     

长江流域棉花机械化生产现状与发展建议

近年来长江流域棉花种植面积与总产持续下降，生产成本逐年上升，价格连续下滑。棉花机械化生产远远落后于国外，在机采棉的研究上进展不大。棉花品质越来越难以满足社会生产和发展的需求。为了在棉花产业上推动长江经济带高质量发展，亟需推进棉花产业供给侧结构性改革，同步实现棉花生产生态优先、提质增效。本文从棉花生产成本、种植模式、机械化生产方面，分析长江流域棉花机械化生产现状、趋势以及存在问题，提出了长江流域棉花机械化生产发展的建议。     

Immobilization of yeast cells with polymeric carrier cross-linked using radiation technique

Various compositions of 2-hydroxyethacrylate (HEA) and methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate (M23G) monomers were irradiated by gamma-rays at low temperature (-78 degrees C) to synthesize polymer carriers for effectively immobilizing yeast cells. The yeast cells were immobilized by cell adhesion onto/in these polymers. The ethanol productivity of immobilized yeast cells with the polymer carriers was higher than that of free cells, increasing by 1-3 times. However, the ethanol productivity of immobilized yeast with the polymer carrier resulting from 7%/7% (HEA/M23G) monomer was low, comparatively. The effect of adding cross-linking reagent (4G) to the low concentration of HEA/M23G monomers on the activity of yeast cells immobilized with the cross-linked carriers by radiation polymerization was investigated. The ethanol productivity of immobilized cells with the carriers, which were cross-linked by adding 3-6% 4G to the low concentration of HEA/M23G monomer, was increased by 20-30%, because the pore size, network structure, and mechanical strength of the polymer carriers was well adjusted and cell leakage from the polymer carriers decreased. The relationship between the ethanol productivity of immobilized yeast cells and the interior structure of polymer carriers is discussed and indicated that the interior structure of polymer carriers is crucial for effective immobilization of yeast cells.     

VA菌根菌对茶树矿质营养的效应及其机理研究

对辐照灭菌的酸性黄壤（ＰＨ值５．６）中的茶苗（Ｃａｍｅｌｌｉａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）接种ＶＡ菌根真菌（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｅｐｉｇａｅｕｍ ｇ），并追施＾３２Ｐ－过磷酸钙和＾８６Ｒｂ－氯化铷，（代替＾４０Ｋ－氯化钾），生长２１０天后测定表明，菌根侵染率，真菌＋＾３２Ｐ为５２．９％和真菌＋＾８６Ｒｂ为５１．９％，且与茶树根际土壤微生物再生数量呈正相关。茶树株高分别是对照的２倍和１．９倍，地上、地下部干重分别