同时测定海产品中砷和汞方法的优化

建立微波消解—氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定海产品中砷、汞的方法,并对仪器工作参数及条件进行了优化和选择。砷和汞的质量浓度分别在0～10ng/mL和0～2.0ng/mL线性良好,相关系数分别为0.9995和0.9996;砷和汞的检出限分别为0.06ng/mL和0.05ng/mL,变异系数分别为0.58%和1.36%,砷和汞回收率分别为89.40%～103.3%和84.55%～93.01%。应用该方法分析海产品中砷和汞含量是可行的。     

Assessment of genetic divergence in salt tolerance of soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> L.) genotypes

A large number of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes of diverse growth habit and adaptive characters were used in the experiment. Soil salinity-induced changes in nine morpho-physiological characters of 30-day-old seedlings of 170 soybean genotypes were compared in the study. The first and second principal components (PC) of principal component analysis (PCA) results accounted for 97 and 2.5%, respectively, of the total variations of soybean genotypes. The variation for the first PC was composed mainly of relative total dry weight (DW), relative shoot dry weight, as well as petiole dry weight. There were four clusters distinguished in the cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV performed better in respect to relative total dry weight and relative shoot dry weight and hence having salt tolerance. The genotypes clusters III performed very poorly and those of clusters II and I were moderate to poor. D2 analysis indicated that the clusters differed significantly from each other. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) again asserts strongly that more than 92% of the genotypes were correctly assigned to clusters. Both PCA and DFA confirmed that the relative total DW followed by shoot and petiole DW were the major discriminatory variables, and the root DW were the secondary important variables to distinguish genotypes into groups. In this study, multivariate analyses were used in identifying the soybean genotypes of desirable traits for salt tolerance.     

Nitrogen transformation and carbon sequestration in wetland paddy field of Bangladesh

Paddy and Water Environment - Rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh have received little consideration of changing nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in soil. Therefore, this study was conducted at...     

Evaluation of three experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus killed vaccines adjuvanted with combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause respiratory, reproductive, and enteric disease in cattle. Vaccination raises herd resistance and limits the spread of BVDV among cattle. Both killed and modified live vaccines against BVDV are available. While modified live vaccines elicit an immune response with a broader range and a longer duration of immunity, killed vaccines are considered to be safer. One way to improve the performance of killed vaccines is to develop new adjuvants. The goal of this research was evaluate new adjuvants, consisting of combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, for use in killed vaccines. Responses to three novel killed vaccines, using combinations of Quil A and DDA as adjuvants, were compared to responses to a commercial modified live and a commercial killed vaccine. Vaccination response was monitored by measuring viral neutralizing antibodies (VN) levels and by response to challenge. All three novel vaccines were efficacious based on reduction in virus isolation, pyrexia, and depression. Compared to a commercial killed vaccine, the three novel vaccines elicited higher VN levels and reduced injection site inflammation.     

Antibacterial activity of oxytetracycline on microbial ecology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gastrointestinal tract under laboratory condition

The antibacterial effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on bacterial load, pathogen and possible development of antibiotic resistance in intestinal flora of apparently healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated under laboratory condition. OTC, a broad spectrum approved antibiotic widely used in aquaculture, was fed to Nile tilapia through medicated diet at a rate of 2 g/ kg of feed for consecutive 7 days in treatment 1 (T₁) and 30 days in treatment 2 (T₂). Changes in physico‐chemical parameters of water were also recorded where pH and dissolved oxygen influenced bacterial load and coliform count respectively. At the start of the experiment, initial bacterial load in fish intestine was 1.61 ± 2.25 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g, which after OTC treatment decreased significantly (p < .05) to 3.06 ± 2.08 × 10⁸ cfu/g on day 7 and 3.45 ± 4.46 × 10⁷ cfu/g on day 30 when compared with the control group. Among the 10 bacterial genera identified in the intestine, 4 potential public health concern bacteria viz., Salmonella, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Staphylococcaus were predominant. There was a sharp increase in bacterial load on day 18 in T₂ that may be attributed to the development of antibiotic resistance in intestinal bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test for isolates against seven antibiotics: amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, co‐trimoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline using disc diffusion method revealed significantly increased resistance of Gram‐negative rods (p < .05) that possibly caused increased frequency of OTC‐resistant microorganisms. In conclusion, short‐ and long‐term exposure to OTC treatment affected the distribution of bacterial genera including pathogens in the Nile tilapia gastrointestinal tract and concomitantly influenced their antimicrobial resistance.     

Assessing the drivers of land use change in the Rumpi hills forest protected area,Cameroon

Protected areas serve two objectives, biodiversity conservation and securing of ecosystem services. But the recent expansion of human activities around Cameroon’s Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve in this Era of Sustainable Development Goals is a call for concern. This study assesses land use and land cover change around the reserve and their potential impact on its sustainability. A total of 250 household surveys were conducted across 13 villages in four selected sites around the reserve in addition to 11 focus group discussions. Landsat 7 ETM (2000) and Landsat 8 OLI (2014) images and topographic maps were utilized to quantify land use and land cover change.

During the 14-year period, dense forest dropped to 90.2% while settlements increased from 744.6 to 2148.8 hectares in 2014. Also, farmlands increased by 18.25% representing a change from 9400.4 to 11117.16 hectares. Over 98% and 85% of the respondents are engaged in the cultivation of food and cash crops and are dependent on the forests for timber and non-timber forests products. Land and tree-based interventions that improve soil fertility should be promoted among smallholder farmers to ensure the sustainability of protected areas in Cameroon.     

实时动态多功能双目立体摄影测树仪设计

为了实现林木精准实时定位,满足森林资源调查中多因子精准计测的需求,研发了一种集单木像对解算和林分点云测量于一体的多功能、高精度、实时定位的实时动态(real-time kinematic, RTK)双目立体摄影测树仪。该仪器以摄影测量和全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)空间定位技术为基础,利用三角函数原理、双目摄影测量解算原理和基于运动结构(structure from motion, SfM)视觉算法,通过内嵌操作软件,实现了林木位置实时定位及林分样木还原、胸径测量、树高测量、株树密度测量、林分空间结构参数测量等功能。通过试验验证,在单木测量模式下,能快速实现林木定位,其胸径测量精度为97.11%,树高测量精度为94.72%;在林分测量模式下,依"仿航线法"观测,能快速建立林分点云模型,并实现了林分调查因子和林分空间结构参数的高效提取,其中林分胸径提取精度达到97.18%。该仪器测量精度符合林业调查的精度要求,可在森林资源调查及精准林业工作中推广使用。     

花生蛋白酶解规律及酶解产物抗氧化活性的研究

以花生蛋白为原料,利用碱性蛋白酶酶解,研究了花生蛋白的酶解规律,同时研究了酶解产物在抗氧化能力、羟自由基(HO.)的清除能力和亚油酸自氧化法测定3种体系的抗氧化特性。结果表明,花生蛋白酶解过程中水解度随时间的变化表现为快速增加和平稳阶段,酶解产物在3种体系中都表现出较强的抗氧化能力。     

近红外光谱技术在乳品分析中应用的研究进展

近红外光谱技术作为一种新型的绿色分析技术,正越来越广泛应用于食品领域。阐述了近红外光谱技术的基本原理、分析过程及特点,从牛奶、乳制品的检测和鉴别等方面综述了国内外近红外光谱技术的最新研究进展。对目前研究中存在的问题进行了分析,同时对进一步的研究进行了展望。