转双价棉丛枝菌根真菌侵染率与植株养分含量变化的研究

通过灭菌盆栽接种试验,研究接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus caledonium对转双价(Bt+CpTI)棉和常规棉石远321的侵染率和植株养分含量的影响。结果表明,在观测期间,转双价棉与同源常规棉之间根系丛枝菌根真菌侵染率在同一时期均无显著差异,但植株氮、磷养分含量在一些时期明显不同,其变化随棉花品种、生育期不同而不同。转双价棉苗期根系全氮和蕾期、吐絮期地上部全磷以及苗期、蕾期和花铃期根系全磷含量显著高于常规棉(P<0.05),而蕾期地上部全氮和吐絮期根系全氮显著低于常规棉(P<0.05)。聚类分析表明,丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和植株养分含量变化主要受生长时期的影响,转双价棉种植对其影响是非常有限的。     

草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上的应用研究

本试验以杂交桑“沙2×伦109”为材料,以普通桑园的湖桑32号片叶育为对照,就草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上应用的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明,在配合施用叶面肥0.2％PGH-X的情况下,供试杂交桑在原蚕生长发育、茧质及制种成绩方面与对照区相近或持平,说明原蚕饲养采用草本化栽培杂交桑及条桑二回育形式具有可行性。使用叶面肥0.15％PGH-D可使原蚕5龄期经过延长,对家蚕生长发育表现一定调控作用。     

Evaluation of Nitric Acid Extraction of Elements from Soils and Sediments in Two watersheds in East Tennessee

Determining the total elemental concentrations of soils requires a total dissolution method, in which hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used. However, this method is tedious and risky due to the dangerous reagent HF. This study compared a single acid extraction technique using a nitric acid (HNO₃) extraction method to total dissolution (HF + microwave assisted aqua regia) for evaluating the total elemental concentrations in soils and sediments. The two methods were used to analyze the elemental content of soils and sediments from the Oostanaula Creek and Pond Creek watersheds in East Tennessee. Twenty-one elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Nd, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr) were subsequently measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The extraction efficiency for HNO₃ relative to the total was compared and discussed. In general, HNO₃ can extract the elements in absorbed phases and those residing in non-silicate minerals. Six elements (Ba, Co, Fe, Ca, Mn, and P) generated significant correlations between total and HNO₃ in both OC and PC watersheds. Finally, the elements were grouped according to the interrelationships of their total elemental concentrations based on the dendrogram plots, suggesting their geochemical association in soils and sediment forming minerals.     

鱼粉品质检测电子鼻传感器阵列的多特征数据融合优化

为了提高基于仿生嗅觉的鱼粉品质检测装置的鉴别能力,该文利用自主设计的仿生嗅觉鱼粉品质检测装置,提取鱼粉样本的响应特征信息,对其传感器阵列进行多特征数据融合优化。依据各传感器对样本的响应曲线,提取传感器特征值(10×6个)构成原始特征矩阵,后对传感器阵列特征值进行归一化处理,以紧凑性作为评价特征选择方法合理性的标准,采用了3种单特征排序方法(MIC、χ^2、F-test),3种多特征排序方法(RF、LR、SVM),4种特征递减消除方法(RFRFE、SVMRFE、DTRFE、LRRFE)对不同品质的鱼粉进行分类准确率检验,得到基于随机森林的特征递减消除算法(RFRFE)的紧凑性最好,此时最佳的分类准确率为98.3%,特征数目为33个。优化后的传感器阵列特征发生了明显的变化,传感器阵列由原来的10个变为了8个,去掉了传感器TGS2620和传感器TGS2600,特征值也减少了45%。为了避免选择偏差,采用了10折交叉验证方法,再次得到了RFRFE算法具有更佳的紧凑性。该特征选择方法为利用仿生嗅觉技术鉴别其他动物源性原料样本的特征优化提供了新的方法和参考。     

气相色谱(GC)测定蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的不确定度计算与分析

为了分析NY/T 761-2008测定蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的不确定度主要来源,通过建立数学模型,应用灵敏系数法,分析主要检测操作步骤所引起的不确定,确定检测过程的不确定度主要来源,最后评估了标准合成不确定度和扩展不确定度.结果表明,应用NY/T 761-2008测定蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量时,检测数据的不确定度主要来源于检测过程的分取提取液和净化后溶液定容这两个操作步骤以及GC仪器本身的误差.因此,为降低检测结果的不确定度,首先保证仪器良好的工作状态,并且在分取提取液和定容溶液时需尽可能操作精确.     

黄顶菊种子萌发过程中DNA甲基化的MSAP分析

为明确入侵植物黄顶菊Flaveria bidentis生长发育与DNA甲基化之间的相互关系,采用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)方法研究了黄顶菊种子萌发过程中DNA甲基化的动态变化。结果表明,DNA甲基化与去甲基化两者共同调控黄顶菊生命初期的生长发育,且去甲基化的变化在种子萌发过程中占主导。筛选出的12对引物共扩增出998条MSAP条带,其中多态性条带为951条,多态性百分比为95.37%。黄顶菊种子萌发过程中胞嘧啶发生甲基化主要以双链甲基化形式为主,位点数为94个,而单链甲基化位点数仅为50个;多态性位点数占总位点数比率为48.95%,表明有近一半的位点发生了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的变化;发生去甲基化变化的多态性片段有73个,而发生甲基化变化的有21个,说明黄顶菊种子萌发阶段DNA甲基化的变化主要以去甲基化形式为主,且在萌发第4天后去甲基化数目持续快速上升。     

对棉花育种中几种数据分析方法的讨论

本文分析了棉花增产幅度应用的局限性、算数平均数在品系适应性和稳定性评估中的局限性及统计学上P值误用的现象和原因,并提出合理应用的建议,指出在棉花育种中必须准确运用统计方法对数据进行分析,才能得出正确的结论。     

Development and preliminary application of a quantitative PCR assay for detecting gtxA-containing Gallibacterium species in chickens

A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using SYBR Green I was developed based on the published sequence of the gtxA gene from Gallibacterium anatis. This method produced reliable specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. The detection rate of Gallibacterium in 181 clinical samples was 36.5% (66/181) by qPCR, which was superior to the detection rate of Gallibacterium-specific PCR (0/181) and an isolation and identification assay (18.2% or 33/181). No association was found between the prevalence of Gallibacterium and the age of the chickens. Gallibacterium infection was detected in one 4-day-old chicken, showing that infection can occur much earlier than the previously stated fourth week of life. Tissue sample analysis showed that Gallibacterium is mainly located in the trachea and ovaries, based on results from three groups of chicken with different health statuses. Furthermore, a titer analysis suggested that Gallibacterium loads in different organs may correlate with different clinical manifestations of disease. Thus, the qPCR assay developed in the present study is useful for identification and quantitative analysis of gtxA-containing Gallibacterium in various tissue samples from birds and for the assessment of the pathogenic mechanisms of Gallibacterium.     

现行稻田主推农药对家蚕毒性试验的研究

当前,在稻桑混栽局部区域,害虫多种并发,且抗性增加,导致用药种类多、剂量大、次数多,对秋蚕安全生产构成严重威胁。为充分掌握现行稻田农药品种的特性,准确了解对家蚕饲养的毒性影响,做到提前预防中毒,规避饲养风险,特组织开展了本试验研究。通过针对性的研究,对6种农药的残毒药效、中毒表现、影响程度等有了基本了解,便于以后合理使用农药,谨慎操作。     

白蚁防治剂毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在土壤中的吸附行为

应用平衡法研究了毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在取样于宁波地区的3种典型土壤（淡涂泥土、黄斑青紫泥土和山地黄泥砂土）的吸附行为。结果表明,淡涂泥土、黄斑青紫泥土和山地黄泥砂土对毒死蜱的吸附常数分别为121.4088、477.7604、3537.0809;对氰戊菊酯的吸附常数分别为15.7476、100.8772、102.3091,表明无论是山地黄泥砂土、黄斑青紫泥土,还是淡涂泥土,对毒死蜱的吸附性均远高于氰戊菊酯。通过吸附常数Kd与土壤的有机质含量、pH值以及阳离子代换量等理化性质进行单因子回归分析,表明毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯的土壤吸附率（Y）除与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关外,与土壤阳离子交换量的相关性也呈显著相关性