深松旋耕全层施肥联合整地机施肥量影响因素分析

针对深松旋耕全层施肥联合整地机在作业过程中存在施肥不均、精度较低等现象,对影响施肥量因素进行分析,确定排肥轴转速、排肥器开度以及肥箱料位高度为影响因素,设计三因素五水平正交试验,以施肥量变异系数为评价指标,进行极差分析和方差分析得出影响因素主次顺序:肥箱料位高度>排肥轴转速>排肥器开度,其中料位高度对施肥量变异系数的影响高度显著,为后续肥箱肥料监测系统提供理论基础。施肥量变异系数在0.19%~3.12%之间,满足试验要求。运用最小二乘法建立施肥量关于排肥轴转速、排肥器开度和肥箱料位高度之间的数学模型。经检验:数学模型值与实测值的相关系数达到0.889,可以作为施肥精量控制相关技术参数的选择依据。     

近红外多组分分析中异常样本识别方法

近红外光谱分析中,异常样本的存在严重影响定标模型的预测性能和适配性。基于 X / Y 联合的ODXY异常样本识别和剔除方法,提出并证明了一种专用于多组分分析的MODXY异常样本识别方法。实验采用80组玉米近红外光谱数据,利用不同异常样本识别方法剔除异常样本后建立玉米含水率、含油率、蛋白质含量和淀粉含量4种组分的偏最小二乘预测模型,采用预测均方差和决定系数作为评价指标比较所建模型的性能,检验MODXY方法在多组分分析中的异常样本识别能力。实验结果表明：在近红外多组分分析中,MODXY方法在大多数情况下具有更好的异常样本识别能力;MODXY方法和ODXY方法均有一定的适用范围,它们更适合于相应组分化学值的相对标准偏差较大的情况。     

奶牛体型评定三维图像同步采集系统

设计奶牛体型评定三维图像同步采集系统,采用集散控制结构协调奶牛定位设备、图像采集装置按预定时序工作,应用3个CCD彩色摄像机与具有多通道、多独立图像芯片的DHQP300型图像采集卡,实现了奶牛三维图像同步采集;采用LabVIEW软件作为采集主程序,通过调用动态链接库控制通用图像采集卡,选用场方式采集模式提高图像质量.试验证明,每头奶牛的图像采集与线性评定时间在3min左右,小于5min(标准).图像噪声较少,边缘信息清晰,完全满足后续特征提取算法对图像质量的要求.     

莱氏野村菌CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的侵染研究

以莱氏野村菌Nomuraea riley CQNr01菌株接种斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 2龄和4龄幼虫,观察感病率,并利用荧光染色观察菌株在幼虫离体表皮上的孢子萌发和附着胞产生情况。结果显示,菌株CQNr01孢子悬液浓度为1×10^8、1×10^9孢子·mL^-1时斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的累计死亡率分别为86.58%和89.91%,而4龄则只有13.33%和16.67%。菌株CQNr01的孢子能够成功附着在斜纹夜蛾幼虫的离体表皮上,但孢子在2龄幼虫表皮的粘附能力优于4龄幼虫;接种24 h起两个龄期的离体表皮上均开始有孢子萌发现象并有附着胞和芽管产生,并随着接种时间的增长芽管不断伸长,但相同接种时间下孢子在2龄幼虫表皮上的萌发率和附着胞产生数量明显多于4龄幼虫表皮。研究证明菌株CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾高龄和低龄幼虫的致病力差异显著,其差异主要源于斜纹夜蛾幼虫体壁的屏障作用。     

Homegarden agroforestry systems: an intermediary for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh

Biodiversity conservation is one of the important ecosystem services that has been negatively impacted by anthropogenic activities. Natural forests (NF) harbor some of the highest species diversity around the world. However, deforestation and degradation have resulted in reduced forest land cover and loss of diversity. Homegarden agroforestry (AF) systems have been proven to be an intermediary for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of home garden AF practices to conserve tree species diversity in Bangladesh and compare them with tree species diversity in NF. A total of nine locations were selected for this synthesis from published literature which comprised of five AF sites and four NFs. Shannon?CWeiner Diversity Index (H) was similar for home-garden AF (3.50) and NF (2.99), with no statistical difference between them. Based on non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination analysis, the AF and NF plots showed distinct separation. However, Bray?CCurtis dissimilarity index ranged from 0.95 to 0.70 indicating nearly no overlap in species composition to significant overlap between AF and NF. Based on our results, we conclude that AF can serve as an important ecological tool in conserving tree species diversity, particularly on landscapes where NF fragments represent only a small fraction of the total land area. Creating and maintaining AF habitats in such human dominated landscapes should be part of the biodiversity conservation strategy.     

Effect of salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon in a tidal wetland

Purpose

Climate warming and sea level rise have the potential to change the salt level of soil in tidal wetlands. And it is important to clarify the process and the mechanism of decomposition of soil organic carbon in a tidal wetland under varying salinities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of soil salinity on the decomposition rate of organic carbon (DROC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a tidal wetland.

Materials and methods

Two types of soil (surface soil in Suaeda salsa and bare tidal flat) were collected, air-dried, and homogenized. After adding different content of salt (0 g/L, 3 g/L, 6 g/L, 9 g/L, and 12 g/L), the soils were incubated for 28 days at stable room temperature (25?±?2 °C) and added by deionized water to maintain the stability of soil moisture. The gases (CO₂ and CH₄) emission rates of each salt treatment were measured during 28-day incubation. DROC was determined by the sum of daily CO₂-C emission rates and daily CH₄-C emission rates in this study.

Results and discussion

Salt addition inhibited the process of gas emissions and DROC. Gases emission rates and DROC of two types of soil showed similar temporal trends, with distinctive drop in the beginning of experiment and no significant decrease followed. Significant difference of DOC among salt treatments was found in the bare tidal flat soil. Variations of partial correlation between DROC and soil salinity and DOC showed similar trends (e.g., in days 9–18, the positive effect of DOC on DROC was greatly promoted (R²?=?0.80, p?<?0.001), and the negative effect of soil salinity was highly improved (R²?=?0.93, p?<?0.001)). Soil properties, in particular DOC, may be primary factors accounting for the discrepancy of gases emission rates and DROC of two types of soil.

Conclusions

Increased soil salinity had a negative effect on DROC during 28-day incubation. The impact of soil salinity and DOC on DROC were varied in different phases of laboratory experiment (soil salinity generally had increasingly negative relationship with DROC, but DOC showed most significantly positive relationship in the middle stage of incubation). Both the formation and consumption of DOC may be valuable for more detail research regarding to decomposition of soil organic carbon.

     

利用昆虫性诱剂调控菜田夜蛾的示范试验

进行了性诱剂防控甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的示范试验,结果表明,使用甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾性诱剂对于夜蛾幼虫的田间分布有影响,可减轻田间幼虫的发生数量,减少药剂使用次数。性诱剂控制种群密度具有显著作用和良好的应用前景。     

重组酶聚合酶扩增技术在植物病原快速检测中的应用

植物病原的快速检测对于植物病害防控具有重要意义。重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是近年建立的等温核酸扩增技术,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、适用于现场快速检测等特点,已在多个领域广泛应用。本文对重组酶聚合酶扩增技术的原理、特性、检测方法及其在植物病原体检测领域的应用进展加以综述。