石榴麻皮蝽蟓发生规律及其防治研究

石榴麻皮蝽蟓是云南蒙自石榴的主要害虫之一,该虫年发生３代,世代重叠,以成虫越冬,成虫、苦虫吸食嫩梢,枝、叶,花（蕾）、幼果、果实汁液、受害枝、叶枯萎、果实畸形、出现黑籽、易引发褐斑病、干腐病、软腐病发生流行。受害花（蕾）、果率一般达１２％－１５％,１５％－２０％。综合防治后,受害花（蕾）、果率降为５％－７％,３％－５％。     

豆渣源纳豆激酶制剂喷雾干燥工艺优化及其稳定性

优化豆渣为原料生产纳豆激酶的喷雾干燥工艺并探究纳豆激酶的稳定性.在单因素试验基础上,应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,设计保护剂种类、进口温度、蠕动泵转速三因素三水平响应面试验,建立回归模型.通过响应面分析,回归模型具有较高的拟合度.优化后的喷雾干燥工艺参数:保护剂类别为海藻糖,进口温度152℃,蠕动泵转速378 mL/h,优化后纳豆激酶活性为236278 FU/g.稳定性试验结果表明:在0℃、4℃、常温(18℃)、37℃的干燥保藏条件下,喷雾干燥后纳豆激酶活力均较为稳定,随着时间的增长,纳豆激酶活力逐渐降低,其中以海藻糖为保护剂的纳豆激酶稳定性最高.     

渤海北部海域碎屑矿物组成特征研究

对采集自渤海北部海域的23个表层沉积物样品进行碎屑矿物鉴定,以探讨研究区矿物组成特征及影响因素。结果表明:采样区碎屑矿物平均含量为17.1%,其中轻矿物9种,平均含量为96.77%;重矿物33种,平均含量为3.23%。Q型聚类方法分析结果表明,由于构造块体的基岩差异,研究区沿东-西方向可分为两个矿物组合区,在风化搬运规律、蚀源区等差异影响下又可将其细分成四个矿物组合亚区。研究发现,影响渤海北部海域表层沉积环境形成的主要因素是物源,次要因素是水动力,其解释贡献率分别为41.91%和22.74%。     

喀×意杂交蜂与意蜂载粉量比较研究

在小叶按（ＥｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｔｅｒｅｔｉｃｏｒｎｉｓＳｍ１ｉｔｈ）花期，比较研究种性退化的喀×意杂交蜂（ｃａｒｎｉｃａ×ｌｉｇＩＩＳｔｉＣａ）及其亲本意大利蜂（ＡｐｉｓｌｎｅｌｌｉｌｅｒａＩｉｇｕｓｔｌｃａＳｐｉｎ，）的载粉量。两种蜂的载粉量分别为１４．８１１ｍｇ和１９．３６ｍｇ，喀×意杂交蜂载粉量明显小于意蜂，两者差异极显著（ｔ一检验ｐ＜０．０１）。养蜂生产利用杂种优势时，要注意杂种种性退化和性状分离，以便更好地利用杂种优势。     

滇东南水牛mtDNA控制区遗传多样性及其系统地位分析

【目的】深入了解滇东南水牛(Bubalus bubalis)的遗传多样性及其在水牛中的系统地位。【方法】以29头滇东南水牛血样为材料,通过PCR扩增直接测序,测定了29条滇东南水牛个体的线粒体DNA D-loop(mtDNAD-loop)全序列,并引用GenBank公布的埃及、印度、地中海、巴西及中国水牛mtDNA D-loop序列,构建各单倍型间的聚类树。【结果】滇东南水牛mtDNA D-loop全序列长度为910～917bp,结合GenBank中公布的5条来自云南省马关县的滇东南水牛序列,界定滇东南水牛mtDNA D-loop有单倍型20种,单倍型多态度、核苷酸多态度和核苷酸差异数分别为0.877±0.053,0.011±0.005和9.865±21.419,错配分布分析表明,滇东南水牛保持着较为平稳的群体水平,揭示滇东南水牛现生群体的遗传多样性较为丰富。聚类结果显示,滇东南水牛所有个体都聚在沼泽型水牛支系,与印度、埃及、地中海等江河型水牛支系截然分列于2大独立的支系;滇东南水牛又分为支系A(SW-A)和支系B(SW-B),与其他中国水牛品种的表现一致。【结论】滇东南水牛群体规模平稳,且群体未曾受到印度水牛基因的渐渗,完全属于沼泽型水牛,支持滇东南水牛起源于中国或东南亚的假说。     

High contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to ammonia oxidation related to a potential active AOA species in various arable land soils

Purpose

Ammonia oxidation is the limiting step in soil nitrification and critical in the global nitrogen cycle. The discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) has improved our knowledge of microbial mechanisms for ammonia oxidation in complex soil environments. However, the relative contributions of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to ammonia oxidation remain unclear.

Materials and methods

In this study, through large geographical scale sampling in China, totally nine samples representing various types of arable land soils were selected for analyzing the ammonia oxidation activity. The AOA and AOB activities were separately determined by using the dicyandiamide and 1-octyne inhibition method. High-throughput pyrosequencing and DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) analysis were applied to investigate the distribution and activity of Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus in the arable land soils.

Results and discussion

In this study, AOA abundance (3.2?×?10⁷–3.4?×?10⁹ copies g^?1) and activity (0.01–1.33 mg N kg^?1 dry soil day^?1) were evaluated for nine selected arable land soils and accounted for 4–100% of ammonia oxidation. By separately determining AOA and AOB rates, we observed that archaeal ammonia oxidation dominated the ammonia oxidation process in six soils, revealing a considerable contribution of AOA in ammonia oxidation in arable land soils. Based on high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis, the AOA species Ca. N. franklandus with relatively low abundance (0.6–13.5% in AOA) was ubiquitously distributed in all the tested samples. Moreover, according to the DNA-SIP analysis for Urumqi sample, the high activity and efficiency of Ca. N. franklandus in using CO₂ suggests that this species plays an important role in archaeal ammonia oxidation in arable land soils.

Conclusions

Through determining the AOA activity and analyzing the potential predominant functional AOA species, this study greatly improves our understanding of ammonia oxidation in arable land soils.

     

Abundance,contribution, and possible driver of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in various types of aquatic ecosystems

Journal of Soils and Sediments - In some habitats, ammonia oxidation highly depends on the activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which are therefore important for studying biogeochemical...     

蔬菜移栽夹茎式取苗装置设计与试验

针对半自动移栽机作业效率低、作业质量差的问题，设计了一种面向蔬菜移栽机器人的夹茎式自动取苗装置。取苗装置经过整排取苗、等距分苗、精准投苗，可实现高效、高质自动化取投苗作业。建立多级剪叉分苗机构与夹苗装置的运动力学模型，对钵苗下落运动、气动系统进行模型设计及分析计算，搭建取苗试验装置。试验选取穴盘辣椒苗作为研究对象，以钵苗苗龄、基质含水率、取苗频率为试验因素，设计以取苗成功率、基质破碎率为评价指标的单因素试验。根据试验结果，采用Box-Behnken响应曲面分析法设计正交试验，探究了苗龄与基质含水率、苗龄与取苗频率及基质含水率与取苗频率之间的交互作用对取苗效果的影响，优化取苗参数。试验结果表明，当苗龄33 d、钵苗基质含水率46%、取苗频率75株/min时，取苗成功率为97.36%,基质破碎5.07%,可满足大田自动化移栽的取苗及投苗要求。