Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

罗霄山片区生态补偿机制优化研究 ——以井冈山市为例

生态补偿是促进生态文明建设和推进脱贫攻坚的重要举措.罗霄山片区是我国生态建设和扶贫开发重点区域之一,深入探究生态补偿机制对促进罗霄山片区可持续发展具有重要的现实意义.近年来,井冈山市积极开展生态综合补偿试点,取得一定成效,但也存在政府色彩偏重、市场机制不活等诸多问题.着眼于解决生态补偿机制市场化运作不充分问题,本文提出了优化生态补偿机制的总体思路、重点方向以及相关制度性保障措施.     

Low‐carbon evaluation of rural neighborhood: A case study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China

Climate change has become a global issue influencing human survival and development while low‐carbon is the inevitable choice. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has become an important force that influences the cooperation of climate change. China is a large agricultural country, and the rural carbon emissions have been gradually increasing. We consider rural neighborhood as an important space for the use of low‐carbon ideas to address climate change. There is no specific assessment system for a rural neighborhood. The studies of rural neighborhood low‐carbon mainly focus on the method of calculation carbon emissions. However, only quantifying rural carbon emissions is insufficient. In this paper, a low‐carbon evaluation indicator system has been proposed for rural neighborhood and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation has been applied to get the low‐carbon degree. Considering the influence and feedback inside the indicator system, Analytic Network Process was applied to get the weights. Furthermore, a case study was carried out for the using of the proposed method in an eco‐village of China. Our practice has proved that the system is easy to operate in rural neighborhood.     

中国2种橡胶树炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性比较

炭疽病是橡胶树上一种重要的叶部病害,主要病原有胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌。为了解中国各植胶区炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性,采用生长速率法室内测定来自海南、云南、广东和广西4省(区)22株橡胶树胶孢炭疽病菌和15株尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性。结果表明:供试的37株橡胶炭疽病菌菌株对咪鲜胺的EC_(50)值为0.022 0~0.272 1 mg/L,平均为(0.061 7±0.055 4)mg/L,EC_(50)最大值是最小值的12.5倍。其中89.2%参试菌株的EC_(50)值介于0~0.100 0 mg/L。根据成组t检验分析结果表明,目前中国4个植胶区的2种橡胶炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性无明显差异。除了来自海南和云南地区的尖孢炭疽菌有显著性差异外,其他来自不同省份的胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺敏感性均无明显差异。研究显示中国橡胶炭疽菌对咪鲜胺仍具有较高的敏感性,但菌株间敏感性有一定的差异,存在一定的潜在抗性风险。     

桃蚜电压门控钠离子通道基因cDNA克隆及其生物信息学分析

克隆获得桃蚜电压门控钠离子通道基因cDNA序列，明确钠离子通道的典型特征，为研究桃蚜抗性分子机理奠定基础。采用实验技术主要有RT-PCR和PCR，克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因cDNA序列，利用相关软件对其序列进行生物信息学分析。克隆得到两段cDNA序列MpNa_v-1（NCBI登录号：MN124170）和MpNa_v-2（NCBI登录号：MN176136）。MpNa_v-1长度为2945 bp，包括2877 bp的完整开放阅读框，共编码958个氨基酸；MpNa_v-2长度为3546 bp，包括3486 bp的完整开放阅读框，共编码1161个氨基酸。MpNa_v-1和MpNa_v-2共同组成桃蚜的钠离子通道α亚基，MpNa_v-1包含同源结构域Ⅰ和同源结构域Ⅱ，MpNa_v-2包含同源结构域Ⅲ和同源结构域Ⅳ。同源比对发现，桃蚜与豌豆蚜和高粱蚜钠离子通道基因相似度分别高达97.67%和97.65%，所克隆序列包含昆虫钠离子通道α亚基典型特征，具有MFM模块，并含有蚜虫类钠通道特有模块DENS。成功地克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因，为阐明其对拟除虫菊酯类药剂产生靶标抗性的分子机制奠定基础。     

2000年来中国水产养殖发展趋势和方向

中国是世界最大的水产养殖国家，为全球粮食安全和营养供应做出了重要贡献。在新的社会发展阶段，中国水产养殖需要解决与粮食安全、减贫和提供就业、食品安全和环境保护等相关的复杂且敏感的问题，以期达到更加可持续地发展。本文系统综述了2000年来中国水产养殖发展趋势、存在问题和发展方向。中国水产养殖业自2000年以来获得了持续的发展，集约化水平不断提高，新增的特种养殖品种使得产业多样化水平增加，一些传统的养殖模式逐渐消失，而新的养殖技术和模式不断涌现。中国水产养殖的变化和发展响应了社会发展对水产养殖业的需求。然而中国水产养殖目前仍面临诸如生态环境、科技水平、产品供应结构、小农生产和政策风险等亟待解决的问题。随着中国社会发展和经济水平不断进步，发展水产养殖的主要侧重点也逐渐从提供食物到提供就业和发展经济，再到环境保护和食品安全。中国水产养殖业需要充分利用最新的设施装备技术、信息技术、遗传育种技术、营养饲料和病害防治技术促进水产养殖业发展，努力提高水产养殖业规模化和组织化，促进渔业“一、二、三产”协同发展，并在新形势下逐渐走向国际化和可持续发展的道路。     

利用16S rRNA全长序列鉴定植物乳杆菌

从标明含有嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌胶囊中分离到一株乳杆菌Lal菌株，利用16S rRNA全序列分析法和传统分类法对Lal菌株进行分类鉴定表明：Lal菌株属于植物乳杆菌种新株系，该菌株现在已经被中国科学院北京微生物所菌种保藏中心收录保存，编号为ASl．2986。     

中国姜瘟病的研究进展

姜瘟病是中国生姜生产上发生较为普遍的病害,是由青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum)引起的。此病原菌寄主范围广,可侵染44个科300多种植物。菌体短杆状,在TZC选择性培养基上培养出现白边较宽和白边较窄的两种菌落。菌系划分为5个生理小种和5个生化型,中国的姜瘟菌主要属生理小种1号,生物型属II、III、IV。此病害是一种较难防治的土传病害,在高温、高湿、雨水多、氮肥过量的情况下发生较为严重。中国植病工作者对此病害作了大量的研究工作,对中国姜瘟病的病原菌、发病规律、及防治等研究进展作一综述。     

GRC构件在建筑装饰业的应用

本文系统地阐述了GRC构件的产品性能,施工工艺及方法、特点,展望未来建筑业外装饰的发展趋势。     

液态饲料对超早期隔离断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体质量为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。