BmNPV半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因的核苷酸序列研究

对家蚕核型多角体病毒苏州株（BmNPVsu）光胱氨酸蛋白酶基因（CP）的序列分析表明,该基因读码框为972个核苷酸,编码323个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,BmNPVsu的CP与首蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（AcNPV）、美国白蛾核型多角体病毒（HcNPV）、云杉卷叶蛾核型多角体病毒（CfNPV）、黄杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（OpNPV）、舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒（Ld-NPV）在DNA水平上的同源性分别为96.5％、76.2％、74.9％、72.7％、62.9％;在氨基酸水平上的同源性分别为96.9％、77.1％、79.3％、77.1％、65.6％。BmNPV CP的氨基酸序列与不同来源的木瓜蛋白酶超家族的CP也具有较高的同源性,特别与 Trpanosoma brucei的CP具有较高的一致性,达32％。在组织蛋白酶B、H、L、S以及木瓜蛋白酶的36个保守氨基酸残基中有31种出现在BmNPVsu的CP中,BmNPVsu CP同其它杆状病毒CP一样,可看作木瓜蛋白酶超家族成员。     

春小麦、紫花苜蓿混播植物群落地上生物量季节动态

通过对小麦 +紫花苜蓿混播当年植物群落地上生物量的测定表明 :植物在生长季节 ,各类群的地上生物量有明显差异 ,地上生物量积累最多的是小麦 ,其次是杂草 ,混播当年紫花苜蓿的地上生物量很小。小麦和杂草的地上生物量季节生长速率高峰期出现在 7月下旬 ,紫花苜蓿在 8月下旬。     

我国鲜切蔬菜产业中的问题与发展趋势

鲜切蔬菜是以新鲜蔬菜为原料，经清洗、去皮、
切割或切分、修整、包装等加工过程而制成的即食新
鲜蔬菜产品。鲜切蔬菜加工技术是近年国际上发展
最快的一种蔬菜加工实用技术。由于鲜切蔬菜产品
具有自然、新鲜、卫生、方便，尤其是安全和环保等特
点，在国际上已成为蔬菜商品化的新形式，成为蔬菜
消费的新趋势，从而使鲜切蔬菜产业的发展成为延
长蔬菜产业链条的一个新的突破点。随着现代生活
节奏的加快和休闲消费的快速发展，我国的鲜切蔬
菜产业正日益受到广泛的关注。     

Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.     

Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers

Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F₁ hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F₁ plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F₁ hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.     

胰岛素样生长因子及其受体mRNAs在绵羊生殖系统中的表达和分布

为检测胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）及其受体（IGFR）mRNAs在绵羊发情周期早期卵巢、子宫和输卵管中的表达,探讨绵羊胚胎早期发育过程中其发育环境——生殖道中生长因子的表达、分泌及其作用,取绵羊发情周期早期卵巢、子宫和输卵管,经固定、切片、免疫染色,观察IGFs mRNAs的表达和分布情况。同时用RT-PCR技术研究了各组织中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGF-ⅠR、IGF-ⅡR mRNAs的表达情况。结果表明,IGFs mRNAs在绵羊发情周期早期的卵巢、子宫和输卵管中都有表达,4种因子表达模式相似：在卵巢中,IGFs主要定位于卵泡颗粒细胞,间质细胞亦有少量表达。在输卵管中,上皮细胞免疫染色呈阳性;在子宫中,腺细胞及上皮细胞的阳性信号强于固有层。RT-PCR检测表明IGFs mRNAs在3种组织中均有表达。     

东北林区道路发展方向的系统工程分析法

诠释了东北林区道路规划布局的新理念。即采用系统工程的理论,东北林区规划看作一个系统,东北林区道路规划以若干个子系统之一的形式出现,研究探讨东北林区道路规划子系统与其它子系统的相关关系,以及由此影响系统目标优化的种种制约因素。     

Optimization of lipase-catalyzed regioselective acylation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Response surface methodology was successfully applied to optimize lipase-catalyzed regioselective esterification of pyridoxine (PN). Effects of various reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, time, enzyme loading, substrate molar ratio, and water activity, were investigated. A central composite design was employed to search for the optimal conversion of PN. A quadratic polynomial regression model was used for analysis of the experimental data at a 95% level (p < 0.05). The analysis confirmed that the water activity was the most significant factor affecting the conversion of PN. It was also suggested that the conversion was strongly affected by independent variables of temperature, time, substrate molar ratio, and water activity as well as interaction terms of temperature and enzyme loading/substrate molar ratio/water activity, time and enzyme loading/substrate molar ratio, substrate molar ratio, and water activity. The coefficient of determination of the model was found to be 0.963. Three sets of optimum reaction conditions were established, and the verified experimental trials were performed for validating the optimum points. A scale-up experiment was also done under the first set of optimal conditions.     

矮秆大豆突变体叶片和豆荚生理特性的初步分析

经NaN3诱变获得大豆矮秆突变体HK808,对其豆荚和叶片生理特性及其与原品种"东农42"的比较研究表明:HK808叶片的叶绿素含量比野生型低,但叶绿素a/b比值变化不大;豆荚的叶绿素含量较其对应叶片的含量低,且野生型的含量略高于突变体。开花结荚后突变体叶片蛋白质含量、SOD活性逐渐升高,脯氨酸含量下降,且蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于东农42;突变体的SOD活性高于东农42;野生型的MDA含量在鼓粒期以后增高,即结荚后期突变体叶片防御自由基伤害能力强。豆荚的蛋白质、脯氨酸含量都与叶片的变化规律基本相同,即前者不断增加,后者不断下降,且豆荚蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于叶片;HK808豆荚的蛋白质含量比其野生型高。豆荚的MDA含量比叶片低,且东农42豆荚的MDA含量略高于HK808,豆荚的SOD活性呈下降趋势,但比东农42叶片的活性高,表明豆荚的抗氧化能力比东农42的叶片强。