基于气象-生理的夏玉米作物系数及蒸散估算

准确估算作物系数对预测作物实际蒸散量和制定精准的灌溉计划至关重要。为反映作物逐日作物系数变化,综合考虑气象和生物因子对作物生长的共同影响,采用五道沟水文实验站大型蒸渗仪夏玉米实测蒸散及气象数据,基于地温及叶面积指数建立了气象-生理双函数乘法模型,并结合梯度下降法对模型进行了精度优化。结果表明,在整个玉米生长期中,作物系数实测值和计算值平均绝对误差为0.12,均方根误差为0.15,相关性为0.91,蒸散量实测值与计算值平均绝对误差为1.0 mm/d,均方根误差为4.5 mm/d,相关性为0.75。该模型计算的全生育期蒸散量准确率(误差在2～3 mm/d以内)相比使用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的作物系数计算所得准确率提高了3倍以上,可更精确用于作物系数及蒸散量计算。     

素质教育在高等职业学校体育教育中的实施

分析了目前高等职业学校体育教育的现状,指出其中与素质教育不相协调的问题,就如何在此类学校实施素质教育提出了四点建议。     

Overwintering,cold tolerance and supercooling capacity comparison between Liriomyza sativae and L. trifolii,two invasive leafminers in China

Journal of Pest Science - Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) are two highly polyphagous pests that successively invaded China in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively,...     

曹州耿饼的加工技术及营养成分测定

调查总结了曹州耿饼的传统加工工艺。对镜面柿、牛心柿等不同品种自然晾晒和烘晒、熟镜面柿和近熟镜面柿及10％石灰水浸泡处理的熟镜面柿制成的耿饼进行了营养成分含量测定。结果表明，采用熟镜面柿自然晾晒制成的耿饼营养成分适中，保持了原有风味，为优级曹州耿饼。     

人工培植羊黄的研究

对70头山羊、50头绵羊和5头奶山羊进行了人工培植羊黄研究。在植黄后一年,对42头山羊,10头绵羊和1头奶山羊取黄,在羊的胆囊内形成了羊黄。对11个羊黄样品进行了胆色素、总胆固醇和总胆酸等项目测定,结果表明与天然牛黄主要成分相同,但含量有所不同。对5个羊黄样品进行了超微结构观察,结果与天然牛黄一致。 对人工培植羊黄羊的胆囊胆汁进行了测定,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性(以下简称β-G酶活性)和粘蛋白含量明显升高。因接种的大肠杆菌血清型不同,β-G酶活性也呈现不同程度的变化。对培植羊黄羊的胆囊进行了组织学检查,胆囊壁粘膜上皮柱细胞间的杯状细胞及固有膜中的粘液腺大量增生,是胆汁中多糖粘蛋白增高的组织学基础。 对培植羊黄进行了药理学试验,其结果与天然牛黄完全一样。     

苹果矮化基因的研究进展

矮化苹果具有植株矮、冠幅小、早果性、丰产性好、生产管理方便等特点,国际上苹果生产均以矮化栽培的方式进行。因此矮化栽培是我国苹果生产的发展趋势,而矮化砧木品种选育是苹果矮化栽培的基础。近年来,国内外学者对苹果矮化的遗传特点、分子标记、基因克隆和转基因等方面进行了比较深入的研究。该研究从苹果矮化遗传特点、分子标记应用及矮化基因定位、矮化相关基因克隆和矮化转基因等方面的研究进行了概述,以期为进一步利用这些基因改良苹果农艺性状及矮化机理研究提供参考。     

Cinnamicaldehyde regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells

Background: Cinnamicaldehyde(CA) is a key flavor compound in cinnamon essential oil possessing various bioactivities. Tight junction(TJ) proteins are vital for the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function,transport, absorption and utilization of dietary amino acids and other nutrients. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CA may regulate the expression of TJ proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-1) isolated from neonatal pigs.Results: Compared with the control, cells incubated with 25 μmol/L CA had increased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and decreased paracellular intestinal permeability. The beneficial effect of CA on mucosal barrier function was associated with enhanced protein abundance for claudin-4, zonula occludens(ZO)-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3. Immunofluorescence staining showed that 25 μmol/L CA promoted the localization of claudin-1 and claudin-3 to the plasma membrane without affecting the localization of other TJ proteins, including claudin-4, occludin,ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, compared with the control cells. Moreover, protein abundances for rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in IPEC-1 cells were enhanced by 25 μmol/L CA, while that for EAAT3 was not affected.Conclusions: CA improves intestinal mucosal barrier function by regulating the distribution of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in enterocytes, as well as enhancing protein abundance for amino acid transporters rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in enterocytes. Supplementation with CA may provide an effective nutritional strategy to improve intestinal integrity and amino acid transport and absorption in piglets.     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells:a feed-back regulation by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress is associated with multiple pathological processes of intestinal diseases. Despite a critical role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(m TORC1) in regulating cellular stress response, the crosstalk between m TORC1 and ER stress signaling and its contribution to the intestinal barrier function is unknown.Results: In the present study, we showed that intestinal epithelial cells(IEC-6) incubated with tunicamycin led to caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. The induction of cell death was accompanied by activation of unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased protein levels for Bi P, p-IRE1α, p-e IF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. Further study demonstrated that tunicamycin-induced cell death was enhanced by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of m TORC1.Consistently, tunicamycin decreased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and increased permeability of the cells. These effects of tunicamycin were exacerbated by m TORC1 inhibitor.Conclusions: Taken together, the data presented here identified a previously unknown crosstalk between an unfold protein response and m TORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. This feed-back loop regulation on ER stress signaling by m TORC1 is critical for cell survival and intestinal permeability in epithelial cells.     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

基于区块链跨链技术的水产品交易模型研究

为解决现有水产品供应链中各企业环节的区块链间信息孤岛的问题以及实现各企业间的安全交易,提出了基于区块链跨链技术的水产品交易模型。在分析水产品供应链交易业务流程的基础上,针对水产品跨链交易的功能需求,构建基于跨链技术的水产品交易模型;基于此模型设计跨链交易流程及相应的智能合约,实现水产品供应链中企业间的跨链交易;最后,利用Hyperledger Fabric平台实现了水产品跨链交易模型的原型系统。系统性能测试结果表明,平均交易成功率为99%左右,而平均交易延迟为0.2s左右。因此,所提出的水产品跨链交易模型既能够满足现有水产品供应链在区块链链上交易的需求,也保证了跨链交易的可行性。