当涂民歌非物质文化遗产保护与传承的调查研究

当涂民歌是流传于皖江两岸的民间歌曲，历史悠久、底蕴深厚，2006被列入国家首批非物质文化遗产名录。近年来，对当涂民歌的保护与传承在政府、团体、个人等多个层面以多种方式呈现，并充分体现出各层面之间的相互关联与密切合作。特别是当涂民歌艺术馆在发展企业自身的同时，借助行政部门提供的平台、渠道，开展当涂民歌的保护与传承工作，形成了一种可持续的良性发展模式。这种行政主导、社会广泛参与的互助互利成功经验值得思考与借鉴。     

Forest patches in Imperata grassland and prospects for their preservation under agricultural intensification in Northeast Luzon, The Philippines

Frequent burning and grazing and cultivation of cash crops increasingly threaten forest patches in hilly grassland in Northeast Luzon, yet their importance as a resource with multiple environmental functions and forest products persists. The aim of this study is to identify different types of forest patches, and their condition under present land-use intensification, and discuss prospects for their integration into sustainable local farming systems. Five types of forest patches are distinguished, both natural and planted ones, including rows of trees, woody patches, gallery forests, hill-slope forests and homegarden conglomerations. Natural woody patches and gallery forests in Imperata grassland are subject to degradation and land-use conversion under conditions of agricultural intensification. Woody patches in grassland affected by frequent burning and grazing cover small areas (66% below 50 m² as opposed to 28% in protected grassland) and contain relatively few woody plant species (25 woody species in total as opposed to 82 where protected). Yet where well managed, they may provide a variety of products for sale and subsistence, covering emergency needs and giving off-season cash income to rural communities. Moreover they serve like the gallery forest various ecological functions, carrying valuable indigenous tree species, retaining soil base nutrients, providing a continuous supply of organic matter and intercepting fine earth soil particles removed from bare surfaces. It is suggested that forest-patch management systems may be developed, taking into account both patch diversity and the diverse needs of rural communities, and to strengthen existing and undervalued functions of forest patches as permanent elements in an agricultural landscape.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地下长廊蜜蜂越冬技术的研究

依据蜜蜂室内外越冬原理和蜜蜂生物学特性,按养蜂生产的需要,研究设计了一种蜜蜂越冬的地下长廊,两侧放置1～3层蜂箱,中间为通道,上部封闭,留有进出气孔调节温度,人可以进入长廊管理越冬蜂群.挖建长廊的成本低,越冬期温度稳定,越冬蜂群势削弱率降低20.1%～24.3%,饲料消耗量降低10.5%～16.2%.     

红脂大小蠹、华山松大小蠹和云杉大小蠹形态学比较

对陕西省渭南地区的红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonus valens)、秦巴林区的华山松大小蠹 (D. armandi)和祁连山林区的云杉大小蠹(D. micans)的形态学进行了比较研究,结果表明,3种大小蠹在形态特征、危害症状等方面有显著差异.     

佛山市高明区西江画廊的营建探索

从设计理念的角度介绍佛山市高明区西江画廊的设计构思,引申出对营造城市滨水景观的思考,为今后更好地从人性角度出发,创造融入城市景观系统的滨水景观提供借鉴。     

不同处理对多叶羽扇豆种子发芽的影响

采收不同成熟度的种子,分别阴干、晒干和0 ℃保藏0、54和84 d,研究其发芽率和发芽指数。结果表明,湿种子比阴干和晒干种子的发芽率和发芽指数高,差异极显著;阴干的红、紫品种褐色湿种子比褐色干种子、黄色湿种子和绿色湿种子发芽率和发芽指数高,白色品种黄色湿种子比褐色干种子、绿色湿种子和褐色湿种子发芽率和发芽指数高;0 ℃保藏0、54、84 d对红色多叶羽扇豆种子发芽率和发芽指数无明显影响。     

华山松大小蠹体内外和坑道内蓝变真菌研究

对华山松大小蠹体内外和坑道内真菌进行了分离,各真菌的室内外人工接种和蓝变试验结果表明,华山松大小蠹体内外和坑道内有11属13种真菌,其中Alternariahumicola、Fusariumoxysporum、Leptographiumqinlingensis、Trichodermavirid、Verticilliumsp.5种真菌能够引起华山松木质部边材组织变色,但只有Leptographiumqinlingensis能够造成华山松木边材组织的蓝变,并且也只有L.qinlingensis能够在健康华山松木质部和韧皮部组织内发育,且与自然状态下被害华山松组织内真菌的危害性和引起的蓝变完全一致。     

Spatial distribution patterns of riverine forest taxa in Brasília, Brazil

The spatial distribution of adult individuals (≥15 cm DBH) was investigated in a gallery forest of the Brasília National Park, Brazil. Four wood species, important to the Brazilian national genetic conservation programme, were chosen: Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, (Anacardiaceae); Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, (Lecythidaceae); Didymopanax morototoni (Aublet) Decne. & Planch., (Araliaceae) and Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee & Lang., (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). While distribution was uneven, no relationship with gradient or togographic position could be detected, but aggregation was perceived. Stocking levels were typically low, from 0.15 to 3.31 individuals ha⁻¹.     

云南切梢小蠹蛀食云南松枝梢行为研究

云南切梢小蠹(Tomicus yunnanensis)通过蛀梢危害与蛀干危害共同致死云南松(Pinusyunnanensis)。通过野外自然调查,对云南切梢小蠹蛀食枝梢影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,云南切梢小蠹蛀梢坑道长度与枝梢长度和蛀梢直径呈显著相关,且云南切梢小蠹侵入枝梢的部位也很大程度上决定了蛀梢坑道的长度,二者显著相关。研究发现,影响云南切梢小蠹蛀梢坑道长度的主要因素为:枝梢长度,枝梢直径,侵入孔位置。     

柴油机活塞二阶运动对内冷油腔机油振荡流动与传热的影响

柴油机活塞的二阶运动不仅影响活塞侧击力、摩擦磨损、机油耗和漏气量,而且还对活塞内冷油腔内机油的振荡流动与传热性能产生影响。在活塞动力学与运动学分析的基础上,结合活塞内冷油腔内的振荡传热性能模拟试验结果,采用计算流体力学仿真方法,建立了包含往复运动与二阶运动的计算流体力学仿真模型,研究了活塞二阶运动对内冷油腔内机油的振荡流动与传热性能的影响规律。研究结果发现,二阶运动的径向运动主要影响内冷油腔中机油的振荡流动,偏摆运动主要影响内冷油腔的瞬时换热性能。二阶运动使内冷油腔的瞬时充油率降低,循环平均降低4.6%。对油腔壁面的瞬时换热性能影响很大,最大的变化幅值为24.9%。对于整个换热过程,虽然充油率降低,但平均换热系数变化不大。因此,二阶运动对内冷油腔综合换热性能的影响可以忽略不计。该研究可为耐高温高强度铝合金活塞的设计提供理论和技术参考。