Long-term effects of TCV116 on left ventricular remodeling and heart function after myocardial infarction in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of long-term TCV116 on left ventricular remodeling and heart function after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Myocardial infarction (MI) was caused by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats. One week after the surgical performance, the surviving rats were randomly assigned to the following treatment protocols: (1) MI rats with no therapy; (2) MI rats treated with TCV116 2 mg/kg per day; (3) Sham-operated control; (4) Sham-operated rats, treated with TCV116 2 mg/kg per day. At 22 weeks, cardiac hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, LVSP, dp/dt_max and LVEDP, and histomorphometric parameters such as LVW/BW and LVCA/BW were measured, mRNA of cardiac genes such as βMHC, BNP, TGF-β₁, collagen I and III were quantified, and survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated rats, MI rats without therapy showed significant increases in histomorphometric parameters as well as in mRAN expressions of cardiac genes (P<0.01); While their hemodynamic parameters were significantly impaired (P<0.01), and survival duration shortened (P<0.05). Compared with MI rats without therapy, MI rats treated with TCV116 showed significant attenuation of mRAN expression of cardiac genes (P<0.01); While their hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved (P<0.05 or P＜0.01), and survival duration extended (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with long-term angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist may improve left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function after MI in rats.     

Assessment of microbial biocontrol agent (BCA) viability to mechanical and thermal stress by simulating spray application conditions

Background

In order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).

Results

The critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.

Conclusions

Experimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠脑NO/cGMP信号转导系统的动态影响

为探讨NO/cGMP信号转导系统对小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒分子机理的调控,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组。用分光光度法测定脑NOS活性和NO产量,ELISA测定脑cGMP含量。结果显示,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂能明显地激活大鼠相关脑区的NOS活性和NO及cGMP产量,并且大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO产量和cGMP含量的变化趋势不仅与大鼠行为学变化相平行,还与不同时期表现出的催醒效果基本吻合。这表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂的催醒可能与激活特定脑区的NO/cGMP信号转导系统相关。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂及其特异性颉颃剂交互作用对大鼠不同脑区iNOSmRNA转录的影响

为研究小型猪专用复合麻醉剂（XFM）及其特异性颉颃剂交互应用对大鼠不同脑区iNOS mRNA转录的影响,将48只SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组（C）和XFM与颉颃剂交互作用组（MJ）,MJ组分为早期交互（MJ1、MJ2）和晚期交互（MJ3、MJ4）2个亚组。各组大鼠到达预定时间点后分别采取脑组织,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测各组织中iNOS mRNA表达量。结果显示,XFM及其特异性颉颃剂交互应用时,大脑、小脑、海马、脑干和丘脑中iNOS mRNA转录均受到显著抑制（P〈0.01）,虽能逐渐回升,但在试验选取时间点内只有小脑与海马中iNOS mRNA转录恢复正常。结果表明,XFM及其特异性颉颃剂在交互作用时能够显著抑制中枢神经系统中iNOS mRNA的转录,部分脑区可以完全恢复,这可能与XFM及其特异性颉颃剂交互作用机制有关。     

农作物重要病原菌颉颃菌的筛选

从全国6省12个地区的26种植物根围采集到土壤样本50份。经室内分离、纯化后得到以芽孢杆菌为主的细菌菌株226个。以水稻、小麦和棉花等6种农作物上主要病原菌(8种真菌,4种细菌)为指示菌对这226个菌株进行平板双培养法抑菌测定,分别筛选到至少对1种病原真菌或细菌有颉颃活性的菌株95个和78个。对进一步研制防治不同作物病害的生物制剂建立了一个颉颃菌资源库。     

Histamine receptor antagonist prevent and ameliorate airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig

AIM:To investigate the effect of histamine receptor antagonist on airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig. METHODS:Guinea pigs were divided into 5 groups: the normal control group, the asthma model group, the continued asthma model group, histamine group and histamine receptor antagonist group. For each group, the content of histamine, Na+, Cl-, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, AB, SB in serum, and thickness of airway mucosa and smooth muscle cell layer were measured and compared with each other. RESULTS:(1) According to the content of histamine in serum and thickness of airway mucosa and smooth muscle, the order was: the histamine group>continued asthma model group>the asthma model group>the normal control group (P<0.01), and the histamine receptor antagonist groupantagonist group>the continued asthma model group (P<0.01), but for PaCO2, the order was conversed. Airway remodeling, increase in histamine in serum, respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis in asthmatic guinea pig were observed. Exogenous histamine accentuated the change, however, histamine receptor antagonist attenuated it. CONCLUSION:Histamine may take part in the airway remodeling of asthma. Histamine receptor antagonist can prevent and ameliorate airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig.     

短密木霉菌株GAS1-1的分离鉴定、拮抗作用及其生物学特性

为了解短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum对植物病害的生防作用及其生物学特性,利用稀释平板分离法从甘肃省景泰县马铃薯连作田植株根际土壤中分离获得1株木霉菌株GAS1-1,经形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列分析明确其分类地位;用生物学方法研究该菌的营养生长和产孢条件;采用对峙培养法测定该菌株对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明,基于形态学特征和基因序列分析结果,菌株GAS1-1被鉴定为短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum,为甘肃省木霉新记录种。该菌株对玉米镰孢茎腐病菌Fusarium graminearum、玉米穗腐病菌F. verticillioides、棉花枯萎病菌F. oxysporum、玉米腐霉茎腐病菌Pythium inflatum和灰葡萄孢霉Botrytis cinerea均具有较好的拮抗效果,尤其对玉米腐霉茎腐病菌的抑制作用最好,抑菌率达100.00%。该菌株营养生长和产孢的最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和酵母膏;其在15～35℃均可生长,菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最佳产孢温度为25℃;在pH 5～12的培养基上菌丝均可生长,菌丝最适生长和产孢的pH均为5;24 h黑暗条件下菌丝营养生长最快,12 h光暗交替条件有利于产孢;孢子致死温度为69℃,10 min。表明短密木霉菌株GAS1-1具有较好的生防应用潜力。     

苦豆子内生放线菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗菌筛选

采用3种消毒时间对健康苦豆子植株体内的内生放线菌进行分离。结果表明：消毒3 min消除非内生菌的影响效果较好;同一植株分离内生放线菌的数量,根部比茎、叶部多。经初步鉴定,苦豆子内生放线菌以链霉菌属和诺卡氏菌属为最多,分别占分离总数的35%和27%;其次为小多孢菌属,占12%;而类诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属、孢囊放线菌属和分枝杆菌属分离较少。26株纯化菌株对茄子枯萎病菌进行平板对峙培养,筛选出3株抑菌带宽度达到10 mm以上的菌株,其中菌株KDS22发酵液抑菌效果最好。     

荔枝P型ATP酶基因家族鉴定及其在采后贮藏过程中响应拮抗菌N-1的表达模式分析

P型ATP酶是植物体内一种重要的膜转运蛋白,在果实能量代谢和酸代谢中发挥重要作用,并广泛参与植物离子运输、抗逆、细胞信号转导等各项生命活动,然而在荔枝或其他无患子科植物中尚未对P型ATP酶基因家族进行全面分析,本研究基于‘妃子笑’荔枝转录组数据,通过对这些基因进行生理生化分析、生物信息学分析和表达分析,共鉴定了28个P型ATP酶基因家族成员基因,探讨P型ATP酶在荔枝采后贮藏过程中的潜在功能。结构和系统发育分析表明该基因可以分为5个亚家族,同一亚族的基因在基因结构和motif基序方面具有很大的相似性,其蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋为主,亚细胞定位预测分析发现LcPAs多定位于线粒体（21/28）。通过转录组分析,在采后贮藏期间,荔枝P型ATP酶家族基因中上调表达的基因明显高于下调表达基因,暗示其可能在荔枝采后品质劣变过程中发挥着积极的抵御作用。使用拮抗菌N-1处理荔枝可以有效抑制其果实采后褐变和病害的发生,结合RT-qPCR结果,发现拮抗菌N-1处理能诱导LcPA1、LcPA7、LcPA8和LcPA19在整个贮藏过程中的上调表达,并维持了较高的ATP酶活性,进一步说明P型ATP酶家族基因在抑制荔枝病变过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究为了解荔枝P型ATP酶基因家族基因的进化和功能分析提供了参考,为深入了解拮抗菌N-1保鲜机理的分子调控机理提供新的证据。     

孕酮处理对蛋鸡蛋壳钙化过程中CaBP-d28k基因表达的影响

实验旨在研究孕酮对蛋鸡CaBP-d28k基因表达的影响。对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡进行孕酮和孕酮受体拮抗剂(RU-486)处理,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(QRT-PCR),测定在蛋壳形成过程中输卵管子宫部钙结合蛋白(CaBP-d28k)、孕酮受体(PGR)的表达量;同时对血液中钙离子和孕酮浓度变化进行测定。结果表明:孕酮处理后,血液中钙离子浓度显著降低(P<0.05),输卵管子宫部CaBP-d28k表达量也显著降低(P<0.05);孕酮受体拮抗剂处理后,血液中钙离子浓度显著升高(P<0.05),输卵管子宫部CaBP-d28k表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。结果提示,在蛋壳钙化过程中,孕酮对CaBP-d28k表达和钙离子转运起负调控作用。