产香真菌GS-1挥发性物质特征分析及抑菌作用观察

产香真菌GS—1为分离自构树枯枝的一株丛赤壳Nectria cinnabarina，该菌株产生浓郁的香味，其挥发性物质对多种重要植物病原菌均有明显的熏蒸抑制作用。为明确菌株GS—1挥发性物质对植物病原菌的熏蒸抑菌机制、挥发性物质化学组分及菌株生长过程中的挥发性物质释放量的动态规律，利用扫描和透射电镜观察GS—1菌株挥发性物质对灰葡萄孢菌丝和细胞结构的影响，通过HS—SPME法萃取产香真菌GS—1挥发性物质，并通过GC—MS进行挥发性物质释放时间规律的测定和组分鉴定。结果表明，菌株GS—1挥发性物质处理后，灰葡萄孢菌丝出现皱缩、畸形、顶端尖细等现象，同时细胞质含量减少且空腔增多。菌株GS—1挥发性物质释放量随培养时间的延长总体呈先升高后略降低逐渐趋于平稳的趋势，在第12 d达到最大峰值。从菌株GS—1挥发性物质中分离到34个化学组分，鉴定了其中18个组分，主要组分为[3S—（3α，3aβ，5α）]—1，2，3，3a，4，5，6，7—八氢—α，α，3，8—四甲基—5—薁甲醇、表荜澄茄油烯醇和α—广藿香烯，分别占挥发性物质总量34.22%、10.70%和5.60%。这些结果为菌株GS—1挥发性物质在植物病害防控中的合理开发和高效利用提供了理论依据。     

玉米品种龙博士7号选育报告

龙博士7号是以自选系JS102为母本、自选系KZ-310为父本组配杂交而成的玉米优良杂交种;2012—2014年参加甘肃省中晚熟高密B组玉米区试,3 a 15点(次)产量为15 325.5～16 528.5 kg/hm2,平均15 992.5 kg/hm2,增产幅度为3.1%～7.8%。该品种具有耐密性、丰产性,适应性、抗病抗逆能力强,耐病虫害等特点,适宜在甘肃省及西北同类春播玉米区广泛种植。     

Pyroptosis mediates high glucose-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts

AIM To investigate whether pyroptosis contributes to the inflammation and injury in mouse embryonic osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 induced by high glucose (HG; 45 mmol/L glucose). METHODS The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (CASP1) were determined by Western blot. The secretion levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining followed by photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the ALP kit, and the number of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS After the MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with HG for 24 h, the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and CASP1, and the secretion levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly increased. The decrease in cell viability, and the increases in ROS generation and MMP loss were also observed. Moreover, the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were inhibited, evidenced by decreases in both ALP activity and mineralized nodule number. Knockdown of CASP1 by siRNA attenuated the HG-induced osteoblast inflammation and injury mentioned above. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis mediates HG-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.     

不同宿主源弓形虫ROP16基因的遗传变异分析

为研究不同分离株弓形虫棒状体蛋白ROP16基因的遗传变异，扩增9种不同来源的弓形虫样品的ROP16基因，并对其序列进行比对及构建进化树的分析。结果表明，弓形虫不同分离株ROP16序列的同源性均在990%以上，但存在限制性位点多态性；用弓形虫ROP16作为PCR-RFLP的标记分子，未能鉴别出传统的弓形虫Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型，却鉴定出一株特殊的猪源弓形虫分离株。弓形虫ROP16基因的株间保守性提示其是一个用于预防弓形虫病的潜在疫苗候选分子，值得对其进行深入研究。     

绿豆生产者风险偏好影响因素实证分析

为保持绿豆生产的可持续发展,稳定绿豆生产者的风险态度,使其在生产中降低风险投入的同时增加生产效益,利用黑龙江省213户绿豆生产者的调研数据,运用有序Probit模型对黑龙江省绿豆生产者风险偏好的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:从事绿豆种植年限、绿豆市场价格、退休后继续从事绿豆种植、主粮(玉米、大豆、水稻)种植面积占比增加均对不同程度的风险态度有影响。为稳定生产者的风险态度,提出了提高生产者们对绿豆种植风险的意识水平,多渠道加强培训;鼓励达到退休年龄的生产者继续从事绿豆种植;建议国家农业相关部门提高对主要粮食作物的补贴或惠民政策标准及价格的调控等建议。     

不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与土壤和植株养分的关系

【目的】 研究不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与不同时期枣园土壤和植株养分的关系,为南疆红枣高产提供土壤管理的理论依据。【方法】 选取南疆高中低3种不同产量水平的枣园为研究对象,采用田间试验,研究不同时期不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与不同土层和植株氮、磷、钾养分含量之间的关系。【结果】 土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量随着土壤深度的增加逐渐降低,而速效钾含量逐渐升高。土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和土壤微生物量氮(MBD)含量之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.836 7;土壤微生物量碳与骏枣展叶期0~20 cm土层速效钾含量呈显著正相关,与果实膨大期20~40 cm土层速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系。【结论】 枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮及各养分含量均保持在良好水平,土壤养分及植株养分能对微生物量碳、氮产生显著影响。     

塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因素

【目的】研究塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC的分布状况及影响因素。 了解不同类型盐土土壤特性及肥力状况,为新疆南疆干旱区盐土改良利用提供理论依据。【方法】以阿拉尔绿洲草甸盐土(MeS)、沼泽盐土(MaS)、残余盐土(ReS)、洪积盐土(PrS)、棕漠林盐土(DeS)5种典型盐土为对象,研究该流域不同类型盐土阳离子交换量(CEC)的剖面分布规律,分析盐土CEC的影响因素,并利用灰色关联法对盐土CEC与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了量化。【结果】该区盐土CEC在2.02～25.54 cmol/kg,平均值为12.39 cmol/kg,CEC随剖面深度的变化规律各类型盐土有所不同,不同类型盐土CEC大小依次为MeS> ReS > DeS > PrS > MaS。粘粒是干旱区盐土CEC的主要来源;pH、CaCO₃、盐基总量(TEB)和碱化度(BSP)与盐土CEC呈极显著正相关,是盐土CEC的主要影响因素,其中CaCO₃对盐土CEC的贡献不容忽视;盐土有机质(SOM)含量极低,对盐土CEC未表现出显著性影响;交换性钙饱和度(CaSP)、交换性镁饱和度(MgSP)及交换性钾饱和度(KSP)对盐土CEC有显著的抑制作用。【结论】塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC有显著差异,不同类型盐土保肥、供肥及缓冲性能不同。pH、CaCO₃、TEB和ESP是CEC主要贡献因子,SOM对盐土CEC无显著的影响。     

低温驯化对南方小花蝽冷藏的影响

为探讨低温驯化对南方小花蝽雌成虫冷藏的影响，在室内15℃下饲养7 d作为低温驯化处理，研究了驯化后与未驯化的南方小花蝽雌成虫分别在4、6和10℃下冷藏其寿命、存活率和致死中时间（LT₅₀）的异同。结果表明，无论是否进行低温驯化，南方小花蝽雌成虫的寿命都显著大于对照（25℃下饲养）。在10℃冷藏条件下，是否经过低温驯化对南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命没有明显影响，但在4℃和6℃条件下，低温驯化能明显延长雌成虫的寿命，分别延长了80.7%和83.7%。南方小花蝽雌成虫存活率均随冷藏时间的延长而下降，在同一低温冷藏温度下经低温驯化处理的南方小花蝽存活率比未驯化的高。经低温驯化的南方小花蝽雌成虫在4、6和10℃冷藏时，其LT₅₀分别比未经驯化的延长了30.0%、57.8%和40.4%。以上结果表明南方小花蝽的寿命具有可塑性，低温驯化有利于南方小花蝽的冷藏，6℃可作为南方小花蝽长期储藏的温度。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.