优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

优质高产棉花杂交种中棉所101

简要介绍了中棉所101的选育过程、特征特性以及高效栽培技术要点。     

连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田对双季稻产量、养分积累及土壤肥力的影响

  【目的】  水稻秸秆和紫云英是稻田系统重要的原位有机肥源，明确长期连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田后水稻增产趋势、养分积累和土壤肥力变化特征，以便对秸秆和绿肥资源进行综合利用。  【方法】  本试验为3年连续大田试验 (2016―2018年)，以双季稻为研究对象，设置3个处理:1）早、晚稻秸秆不还田，冬季不种植紫云英 (CK)；2）早、晚稻秸秆全量还田，冬季不种植紫云英，即秸秆单独还田 (T1)；3）早、晚稻秸秆全量还田，冬季种植紫云英，即秸秆–紫云英协同还田 (T2)。各处理均施用等量化肥。  【结果】  相对于对照，连续秸秆单独还田和秸秆–紫云英协同还田周年轮作下水稻产量分别增加1.93%～9.15%和1.34%～12.48%，且连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田周年增产效果随着试验年份的增加而增加。不同年份间水稻产量变异系数和可持续性指数分析表明，连续秸秆单独还田和秸秆–紫云英协同还田均有利于双季稻持续性高产稳产，其中秸秆–紫云英协同还田效果优于秸秆单独还田。连续3年6季还田后，秸秆单独还田和秸秆–紫云英协同还田对水稻产量的贡献率分别为6.92%和11.10%，其中秸秆–紫云英协同还田处理比秸秆单独还田处理高76.47%。与产量变化趋势一致，连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田不仅有利于早稻氮、磷、钾养分积累，对晚稻养分积累也有一定的后效作用。与试验初始土壤养分含量相比，2018年晚稻收获后，对照土壤有机碳、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低了9.03%、11.11%、3.87%和10.57%。而相对于对照，连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田处理土壤有机碳、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了20.51%、25.00%、24.16%和20.37%；相对于秸秆单独还田处理有机碳、全氮和有效磷含量分别增加了2.73%、7.14%和14.19%。  【结论】  在双季稻轮作系统中，连续秸秆–紫云英协同还田有利于早稻和晚稻获得高产和稳产，同时增加早稻氮、磷、钾养分积累，提高土壤有机碳、全氮和有效磷含量，是综合利用秸秆和绿肥资源较好的方式。     

Comparative study on different sediment transport capacity based on dimensionless flow intensity index

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment transport plays a vital role in the development of soil erosion process models. The primary purpose of this study is to establish new sediment transport...     

基于FCN的无人机玉米遥感图像垄中心线提取

为解决农业机器人在玉米田行间行走的全局路径规划问题,该研究提出一种基于全卷积神经网络(Fully ConvolutionalNetworks,FCN)的无人机玉米遥感图像垄中心线提取方法。基于无人机获取的高精度可见光遥感图像,设计了针对农田垄中心线提取的数据集标注方法,采用滑动窗口法进行图像分块,利用深度学习语义分割网络FCN对垄中心线附近7～17像素宽度范围的垄线区域进行提取,模型在测试田块上精确率达66.1%～83.4%,召回率达51.1%～73.9%,调和平均值为57.6%～78.4%;对拼接后的图像使用影像分割投影法提取中心线,探究了垄线区域宽度对垄中心线提取精度的影响,训练采用9像素的垄区域宽度,可得到垄中心线在77 mm左右偏差范围准确率为91.2%,在31.5 mm左右偏差范围内为61.5%。结果表明,基于FCN对无人机玉米遥感图像进行处理,可得到整片田地的垄中心线栅格地图,方便农业机器人进行全局路径规划。     

基于Simulink的液压系统建模与仿真

针对农业机械中液压系统结构复杂、研发周期长等问题,通过分析农业机械中液压回路各个组成元件特性,基于Simulink构建元件动态数学模型。对液压回路进行研究,分析了液压回路在不同元件参数下的动态性能,为优化液压回路系统提供参考。     

中俄东线天然气管道焊接消磁技术试验

长输管道在建设、改线或维抢修作业时,常会遇到管道对口处有磁偏吹现象,使得在焊接施工时,电弧发生偏离,导致焊接缺陷甚至无法焊接施工,严重影响了工程进度及管道的本质安全。中俄东线天然气管道工程采用1422 mm口径、X80钢级管道,以往所采用的消磁方法和消磁设备已无法满足其大口径、高钢级管道的消磁作业。通过分析管道剩磁的产生机理和影响因素,得到不同消磁方法对中俄东线管道的适用性。通过现场试验验证直流消磁法,分析直流消磁和直流焊机消磁的优缺点及工作参数,提出可行性建议。     

Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.     

Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.