有机-无机棒肥对土壤和植物生长的影响

为了研制新型树木肥料,以自行研制有机-无机棒肥制作设备制作的有机-无机棒肥为研究对象,研究其对土壤理化性状和天竺桂生长的影响。结果表明:有机-无机复混棒肥主要指标满足有机-无机复混肥料GB18877-2002的基本要求,具有高压缩比、含有机成分、易操作等特点。施用有机-无机棒肥后土壤EC值均在1.0mS·cm-1以下,产生盐害的风险较小;对氮磷钾的提高效率大小顺序为磷氮钾;与未施用有机-无机棒肥的天竺桂相比,施用有机-无机棒肥能明显提高天竺桂的新梢长度、叶绿素含量和根重,对促进植物生长的作用明显。     

腐竹揭皮工艺的优化

研究了三偏磷酸钠、谷氨酰胺转胺酶、海藻酸钠食品添加剂对腐竹出品率的影响,并在单因素基础上进行正交试验,结果表明,腐竹揭皮最佳工艺条件为添加0.20%三偏磷酸钠、400 U/kg谷氨酰胺转胺酶、0.30%海藻酸钠,在此条件下,腐竹的出品率可达62.2%。     

温度对橡胶树微型芽条培育的影响

以橡胶树优良品系云研73-477花药组培试管苗的茎尖、茎段和基部为外植体,进行不同温度条件下微型芽条培育的比较试验,结果表明：外植体在昼温28℃,夜温26℃的平均不定芽数在1.50个以上,萌生枝较健壮,枯顶较少,培养效果优于其他处理。     

不同打叶参数对打叶质量的影响

[目的]了解不同框栏尺寸、打棍转速的强度、曲线和斜率对打叶质量的影响。[方法]用山东地区的B2L和C3L两个等级的烟叶进行打叶试验。[结果]3．0英寸的框栏比3．5英寸的框栏更有利于改善打叶风分后的烟片结构,大中片率、中片率、长梗率均略有提高,碎片率有所降低。3组打棍转速强度的打叶强度逐组递减,而每组当中4级打叶强度逐级增强。提高打叶机的打辊转速强度利于提高打叶风分后烟片的中片率和长梗率,并能降低叶中含梗率。不同打辊转速曲线对中片率和碎片率的影响不明显,但可使DC22获得较高的大中片率和长梗率。较小打辊转速斜率能使打叶质量有所改善,并较明显地提高中片率。[结论]通过调整打叶框栏尺寸和打辊转速能有效提高烟草的打叶质量。     

不同营养源对培养蜜环菌瓶装菌枝的影响

在甘孜州,用附着有蜜环菌菌索的野生天麻块茎进行组织分离获得的菌株作菌种,毛樱桃和刺叶栎一类的灌木作主要营养源,玉米和马铃薯作辅助营养源,培养瓶装菌枝,既可以有效发展天麻家栽,提高天麻产量和质量,满足其市场需求,又能够防止野生天麻资源因乱采滥挖而枯竭,防止相关资源因发展天麻家栽而毁灭的一项合理的技术措施。     

次氯酸钠·酒精及穿串用竹签对鸡肉产品中呋喃西林代谢物检测结果的影响

对从屠宰到加工过程中与鸡皮串类产品密切接触的次氯酸钠、酒精及穿串用竹签进行相关试验,结果表明,次氯酸钠消毒剂的使用,会使次氯酸钠消毒剂残存在肉鸡皮肤中,从而对呋喃西林代谢物的检测造成干扰;经过后池的冲洗之后,对呋喃西林代谢物检测的干扰大大降低。在加工过程中使用的酒精和竹签,不是鸡肉产品中检出呋喃西林代谢物的干扰因素。     

橡胶籽苗芽接苗生产试验

在橡胶籽苗芽接过程中进行了一些基础试验,对该技术进行了初步的验证工作,同时也添加了部分新的试验内容。试验结果表明:气候、芽条茎粗等因素影响籽苗芽接苗的成活;橡胶籽苗袋苗比裸根苗的成活率高,但操作比较麻烦,待进一步改进后,将显著提高橡胶籽苗芽接苗生产水平。     

Revisiting safe biological limits in fisheries

The appropriateness of three official fisheries management reference points used in the north‐east Atlantic was investigated: (i) the smallest stock size that is still within safe biological limits (SSB_pa), (ii) the maximum sustainable rate of exploitation (F_msy) and (iii) the age at first capture. As for (i), in 45% of the examined stocks, the official value for SSB_pa was below the consensus estimates determined from three different methods. With respect to (ii), the official estimates of F_msy exceeded natural mortality M in 76% of the stocks, although M is widely regarded as natural upper limit for F_msy. And regarding (iii), the age at first capture was below the age at maturity in 74% of the stocks. No official estimates of the stock size (SSB_msy) that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) are available for the north‐east Atlantic. An analysis of stocks from other areas confirmed that twice SSB_pa provides a reasonable preliminary estimate. Comparing stock sizes in 2013 against this proxy showed that 88% were below the level that can produce MSY. Also, 52% of the stocks were outside of safe biological limits, and 12% were severely depleted. Fishing mortality in 2013 exceeded natural mortality in 73% of the stocks, including those that were severely depleted. These results point to the urgent need to re‐assess fisheries reference points in the north‐east Atlantic and to implement the regulations of the new European Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable fishing pressure, healthy stock sizes and adult age/size at first capture.     

插穗母树年龄和粗度对薄壳山核桃硬枝扦插的影响

探讨薄壳山核桃不同母树年龄和不同粗度对插穗生根能力的影响,采用1年生硬枝进行扦插试验.母树选择2、5、16年生和25年生,采用IBA-0.2 g· L-1处理插穗.插穗粗度设为≤0.5、0.5～0.8、≥0.8 cm3个径级,插穗用不同浓度的IBA、NAA进行处理.结果表明,2年生母树穗条的愈伤组织产生率和生根率分别为87.7％、14.4％,明显高于其他年龄母树.插穗粗度≥0.8cm穗条的效果最好,其平均愈伤组织产生率和生根率分别达33.1％和9.7％.≥0.8 cm穗条的IBA1.0 g·L-1+NAA0.25 g·L-1混合液处理效果最佳,2个指标分别达43.0％和14.6％.相同母树年龄的插穗其愈伤组织产生率和生根率与粗度成正相关.     

便携式加热磁力搅拌器的研制

采用非接触式测温测速、单片机控制及机电一体化技术,研制出便携式加热磁力搅拌器．使其在结构、性能上实现了轻型化、微型化、智能化,并提高了搅拌浸提效率．