Emergence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Democratic People's Republic of Korea

In the past decade, there has been extensive global surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in both animals and humans, however, few studies on epidemiology of avian influenza in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) were published. During the period 2013–2014, HPAI H5N1 viruses were detected with outbreaks in domestic poultry in DPRK. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin gene of all samples belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c with high homology. The HPAI H5N1 virus found in ducks at the Tudan Duck Farm in 2013 was might introduced by migratory birds and then led to the outbreaks on neighboring chicken farms in 2014. These data provide direct evidence for the transmission of avian influenza viruses from wild birds to waterfowl to terrestrial birds. Therefore, the monitoring and control of influenza virus in ducks must be given top priority, which are essential components to prevent and control HPAI.     

Effect of SerpinE2 on metabolism of extracellular matrix

Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SerpinE2), a member of serine peptidase inhibitor super family, regulates multiple serine proteases. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in stem cell differentiation, signal transduction, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis physiological and pathological processes and so on. SerpinE2 regulates the protein of extracellular matrix by serine protease system and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system. In this paper, we elaborate the effect of SerpinE2 on metabolism of extracellular matrix, and it will provide new ideas to find new therapeutic targets.     

Widespread Detection of Phytophthora Taxon Salixsoil in the Littoral Zone of Lake Constance, Germany

An unnamed ITS clade 6 Phytophthora was frequently isolated from rhizosphere soil of reed (Phragmites australis) growing on the littoral zone of Lake Constance. The isolates closely resembled P. gonapodyides, having internally proliferating, non-papillate sporangia, a rather high temperature optimum for growth (30 °C), and being sexually sterile. ITS sequence analysis revealed that they were identical to the as yet unnamed Phytophthora taxon Salixsoil, originally isolated from Salix roots in the UK and Alnus debris in Denmark. The taxon was readily isolated from permanently as well as occasionally flooded reed sites using standard baiting procedures, indicating a wide distribution in the Lake Constance littoral zone. In an in vitro leaf inoculation assay P. taxon Salixsoil proved to be more aggressive towards Salix alba than P. gonapodyides. The new taxon may be of significance as a root pathogen of woody plants in moist or flooded situations occurring in alluvial forest/plant communities. We propose that due to its close resemblance to P. gonapodyides the taxon might have passed unnoticed in the past, and possibly is much more widely distributed than previously recognised.     

中国H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒抗原变异株的鉴定分析

对引起中国2006年山西、宁夏2省(区)H5N1亚型禽流感疫情的代表毒株——A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006(H5N1)(CK/SX/06)进行了全面研究。结果表明该病毒具有高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)特征,基因组序列分析发现其8个基因片段与中国传统H5N1亚型禽流感病毒GS/GD/1/96(H5N1)存在较大差异,属于新的基因型——山西鸡型;抗原性分析结果表明其在抗原性方面与GS/GD/1/96同样存在较大变异,将其命名为"山西鸡型"抗原变异株;以106EID50.0.1 mL-1剂量将该病毒经鼻腔接种4周龄SPF鸭以评价其对水禽的感染能力,结果表明其不感染鸭;常规方法接种BALB/c小鼠以评价其对哺乳动物的感染和致病能力,结果表明其能感染小鼠,但不引起死亡,呈低致病力。说明该类型高致病性H5N1 HPAIV目前仅危害鸡,不具备感染水禽的能力,感染哺乳动物但不致死。该类型病毒的出现与流行为中国禽流感的免疫与防制提出新的课题。     

紫黑链霉菌进化枝菌株Streptomyces solisilvae HNM0141T的全基因组分析

链霉菌属放线菌是最重要的抗生素产生菌,也是包含放线菌种类最多的放线菌属.链霉菌属的有效发表种的模式菌株在16S rRNA基因序列系统发育树上分散归簇于不同的进化分枝.紫黑链霉菌16S rRNA基因进化枝(Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade)是其中的一个分枝.该...     

Characterization of two bacteriophages for specific treatment of biofilm formed by a Vibrio sp. isolated from an abalone farm

Vibrio harveyi and related vibrios are potential pathogens causing luminous vibriosis in marine aquaculture systems. In this study, two lytic phages P4A and P4F isolated using Vibrio strains B4A and B4F as indicator bacteria, respectively, were isolated from seawater of an abalone farm. Vibrio strain B4F belongs to the Harveyi clade of the genus Vibrio and was found to cause mortality of abalones in laboratory microcosms. Both phages were able to lyse Vibrio strain B4F. Electron microscopy revealed that phage P4A had an icosahedral head while P4F possessed an elongated hexagonal head. Both phages belong to the family Siphoviridae with long non‐contractile tails. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that both phages were double‐stranded DNA viruses and the genome sizes of P4A and P4F were estimated to be about 49 and 44 kb respectively. One‐step growth curves revealed that these two phages exhibited distinct latent periods, exponential periods and burst sizes by infecting the same Vibrio strain B4F. Both phages were able to significantly reduce Vibrio population density in biofilm formed by Vibrio strain B4F on the surface of polyethylene film. It is suggested that these two phages may be promising candidates as biocontrol agents of infections caused by Vibrio strains belonging to the Haveyi clade in marine aquaculture systems.     

H5亚型禽流感病毒A/Duck/Anhui/1/2006(Clade 2.3)密码子优化HA基因DNA疫苗的免疫保护效力研究

为了进一步评价基于HA基因的DNA疫苗的开发应用前景,本研究将表达H5亚型禽流感水禽群代表株A/Duck/Anhui/1/2006(H5N1)[DKAH/1/06(H5N1)]HA基因的DNA疫苗pCAGGoAHHA的免疫保护效力进行了评估,以5μg、10μg、20μg、50μg和100μg剂量免疫3周龄SPF鸡,首次免疫后3周再加强免疫一次,加强免疫后2周用106EID50的高致病力禽流感病毒(HPAIV)A/Duck/Fujian/31/2007(H5N1)[DKFJ/31/07(H5N1)]鼻腔途径进行攻毒,观察发病与死亡情况。分别于攻毒后第3d、5d、7d天采集喉头及泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离、滴定检测攻毒鸡排毒情况,同时检测免疫及攻毒后血清HI抗体、NT抗体的动态变化。结果,20μg、50μg、100μg组的pCAGGoAHHA均可对免疫鸡产生100%完全保护(不发病、不致死、不排毒),而5μg和10μg剂量组则可对免疫鸡分别形成25%和75%的保护。结果表明,H5亚型禽流感水禽群DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGoAHHA具有良好的免疫保护性,有望成为预防H5亚型HPAIV的技术储备候选疫苗。     

不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累分析

 为明确不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累水平,培育和利用抗赤霉病和DON毒素积累的品种提供资源和依据,本研究采用单小花滴注接种法对河南省的106个小麦品种(系)抗赤霉病性进行鉴定分析,并用ELISA测定了病穗组织中DON毒素水平。结果表明不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性有显著差异,106个小麦品种(系)中未发现抗病和中抗材料,中感品种(系)有华育198、郑麦103和春丰0021等14个,占13.2%;感病的有曌式2010-06、百农898和中麦63等92个,占86.8%。不同小麦品种(系)籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中DON毒素积累水平有显著差异,籽粒中DON毒素水平在(0.70~287.63)mg/kg之间,其中郑03876、豫保1号和中麦63 的DON毒素水平在2 mg/kg 以下,为抗毒素材料;其他的103个品种DON毒素水平大于2 mg/kg;颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平在(51.03~392.87)mg/kg之间,普遍比籽粒中DON毒素含量高。籽粒中DON毒素水平与小麦品种(系)的平均病害严重度间呈极显著正相关。     

山药炭疽病菌拮抗放线菌30702菌株的初步鉴定及发酵培养基优化

为了寻求一种高效、环保的防治山药炭疽病菌的新方法,采用对峙平板法从热带药用植物根际土壤中筛选到一株对山药炭疽病菌有较好拮抗作用的放线菌30702。经形态特征培养观察和16Sr RNA基因序列分析鉴定为紫黑链霉菌[Streptomyces violaceoniger]16Sr RNA基因进化分枝的放线菌。通过单因子和多因子正交实验对其发酵培养基进行了优化,通过测定菌体湿重和抑菌圈直径,应用SAS9.3软件进行分析,获得最佳发酵培养基为:可溶性淀粉25 g/L、黄豆粉20 g/L、MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.6 g/L、CaCO_30.2 g/L、初始pH为7.0,优化后菌株发酵产物对山药炭疽病菌抑菌活性提高了31.5%。