福建省长汀县水土流失区马尾松种群对干旱的响应与恢复

[目的] 探究福建省长汀县水土流失区先锋树种马尾松对干旱的响应与后续恢复,为该区植被恢复与重建工作提供科学支持。[方法] 选择在长汀县河田镇的严重退化地,建立30 m×30 m的种群监测样方,测量样方内所有马尾松个体基径、树高和繁殖情况。借助存活生长函数与繁殖函数计算2016—2020年的马尾松各生命率变化情况,并结合标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)计算的同期年度SPEI指数进行分析讨论。[结果] ①长汀县水土流失区发生年度干旱时,马尾松各生命率响应明显。个体生长量减少,存活率下降,此时繁殖径级提前,小径级马尾松繁殖概率增加,马尾松为维持种群存在对策调整; ②长汀县水土流失区进入恢复期后,小个体生长量增加,存活率逐渐增加,繁殖概率先增加后减少。大径级个体各生命率均逐渐回升,恢复速度相对较快,但所有个体均未恢复至干旱发生前状态。[结论] 严重退化地马尾松种群对干旱的响应程度较高,各个生命率(存活、生长和繁殖)变化较快,但种群的恢复能力较差。     

National Park stewardship and ‘vital signs’ monitoring: a case study from Channel Islands National Park,California

• 1. Place‐based conservation strategies require that stewards know and understand the targeted ecosystems, restore impaired resources, protect the ecosystems, and connect people wholeheartedly to the places. Knowledge of ecosystem structure and functioning is the cornerstone of stewardship.
• 2. This paper describes the design, implementation, and application of an ecological monitoring programme in Channel Islands National Park, California, USA. Experience from this programme showed that monitoring ecological ‘vital signs’ was a quick, sure, and inexpensive way to discover and track ecosystem dynamics.
• 3. Monitoring ecological ‘vital signs’ determined status and trends of ecosystem integrity and established limits of normal variation of key ecosystem features. It also provided early warnings of situations that required intervention and helped frame research questions to determine chains of cause and consequence.
• 4. The strong influence and probabilistic nature of biological interactions in ecosystems precluded effective use of deterministic modelling to predict ecosystem behaviour accurately. Therefore, ongoing monitoring was required to increase knowledge of system dynamics reliably. The US National Park Service has begun to identify and monitor the ecological ‘vital signs’ in 32 networks of 270 parks.

Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two faces to the greenery on housing estates–mitigating climate but aggravating allergy. A Warsaw case study

Interest in the climate and an awareness of the beneficial cooling influence exerted on it by biologically-vital areas is growing, as climate change progresses, hot weather is more frequent as well as the urban heat island more intense. It is necessary to protect existing greenery in the cities and to introduce new planting. However plants in a warmer climate can produce larger amounts of pollen and are more readily able to initiate an allergic reaction among those prone to them. That means—not every greenery is advantageous for humans in the cities. In the research two housing estates built at different times and differ in type, density and age of buildings, as well as in the composition and the percentage of biologically vital area and the species planted were examined. Detailed inventory of tall greenery entailed the trees and shrubs and next their assumed allergenic potential was made. Cooling effect likely is derived from the difference in greenery, but the other factors such as differences in the density of buildings and spatial organization of the estate could also influence it. The older estate with the ratio of biologically vital areas of 54.3% is characterised by more favourable local climate than the newer estate, with the ratio of biologically vital areas equals 40.7% and young vegetation. On the newer one the perceptible thermal conditions did not differ significantly compared with the city centre. Unfortunately, on Koło Estate trees creating mild thermal conditions are also the trees promoting allergies most severely: birches, poplars and limes. And they are planted usually around playgrounds and kindergarten. The trees of high allergenicity should be partially removed, even risking small worsening thermal conditions.     

以人为本与图书馆的服务工作人性化

以人为本的思想是做好图书馆工作的新理念，实施人性化服务是实现以人为本管理理念的必然要求，只有坚持以人为本的理念才能在真正意上实现图书馆的社会价值。     

模拟酸雨对土壤生物活性的影响

模拟 pH2、3、4、5、6的雨水,以1、5、10年的积累雨量淋洗3种紫色土。淋洗后的土壤 pH 值对微生物有抑制或刺激作用,其影响较雨水 pH 值更明显。4种土壤酶活性与淋洗后的土壤 pH 值的相关程度亦较与雨水 pH 值为高。雨量积累的影响较 pH 梯度的影响微弱。意味着酸雨对陆生生态系统的危害,首先通过土壤的酸化这一环节。     

PEG高渗预处理对番茄种子活力的影响

利用－１．０ＭＰａ聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）─６０００水溶液预浸已干燥的番茄种子，再度干燥后立即播种发芽，可以提高种子发芽速度和整齐度，增加正常苗数，减少休眠种子数，明显地提高种子活力水平．但是，上述处理的种子经５个月短期贮藏后，原来所获得的处理正向效应基本上丧失．与未处理对照相比，甚至还表现出某种程度加速劣变的作用．相反使用同样浓度ＰＥＧ处理未经干燥的新鲜湿种子，无论是经贮藏或不经贮藏，均可明显地提高处理种子活力．     

美的消逝——论《胎记》中埃尔梅对罗斯金美的法则的背离

霍桑的《胎记》是一部因过度崇拜与迷恋科学引发的人性悲剧,作为同时期的一名艺术批评家,罗斯金非常关注人本身与社会中存在的问题,并借助艺术尤其是美学视角表达对这些问题的不满,从而构建了独特的理论以指引人们寻求自身与社会的至善至美。本文旨在从罗斯金的美学视角即典型美和活力美来进一步分析霍桑的短篇小说《胎记》。     

程丑夫教授治疗汗证经验浅析

本文以整体观念,辨证论治为宗旨,提炼历代名医治疗汗证的理法方药,总结探讨程丑夫教授治疗汗证经验和用药特色。程丑夫教授治疗汗证气虚内热证的经验方以《兰室秘藏》的当归六黄汤为底方,并选择特色用药。全方寓有三法,蕴含有汗为心液、汗出阳明、汗尿同源的独特学术思想,指导治疗以首当治心、清胃消燔、因势利导三法合用,对于治疗汗证的气虚内热证临床疗效显著。     

阳虚生风论

中医论风证的辨证治疗,向来仅注重火热、阳亢、阴虚、血虚等引起的风证,绝少论及阳虚动风。本文从阳虚生风的理论、病证类型、辨证要点等方面简要论述了阳虚阴盛同样引起动风证,并例举临床病例以详解辨证关键。     

粘钢法和增大截面法加固梁的优缺点分析

介绍了构件的2种加固方法,粘钢加固法和增大截面加固法,并通过工程实例,提出了加固时的选用原则和标准。