Liver histology and histomorphometry in hybrid sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) reared on intensive fish farming

This study aimed to characterize the liver histology and histomorphometry in sorubim hybrid of different categories (nursery, growth and grow‐out) reared on fish farming. The categories were defined considering body weight (BW): nursery category (n = 5): BW = 37.06 ± 6.00 g (31.6–45.3 g); growth category (n = 5): BW = 310.40 ± 53.80 g (242.1–376.4 g) and grow‐out category (n = 5): BW = 874.28 ± 27.59 g (846.2–913.1 g). Liver fragments were processed to paraffin inclusion, and sections were stained by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) and Perl's staining to histology, histomorphometry and density volumetric of liver structures; glycogen analysis and to detect ferric irons (Fe³⁺) respectively. The hepatosomatic index decreased between the categories (P < 0.01). The percentage of PAS‐positive hepatocytes in the nursery category was higher (P < 0.05) in relation to the growth and grow‐out categories. The hepatocytes from all fish were positive to Perl's staining. The density volumetric of liver structures did not differ among categories except to blood vessels were higher (P < 0.01) in the nursery and growth. The area (μm²) and perimeter (μm) of hepatocytes, and the area (μm²), perimeter (μm) and volume (μm³) of the nuclei from grow‐out fish were lower (P < 0.01) than those from the nursery and growth categories. Changes in morphometric characteristics of hepatocytes may result from metabolic changes associated with body growth surubins; therefore, these morphometric characteristics of liver tissue can be used as functional biomarkers for the assessment of fish health and nutrition status.     

Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H₂O₂ in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H₂O₂ significantly attenuated the H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H₂O₂-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.     

峰山森林公园野生脊椎动物资源及其评价

通过对江西峰山森林公园的动物资源调查,得知该区有野生脊椎动物184种,隶属26目65科.其中鸟类16目34科103种,哺乳类6目14科30种,爬行类3目12科38种,两栖类1目5科13种.对该区动物的区系成份和资源状况进行了分析与评价.     

江西省陆生脊椎动物编目——Ⅱ.鸟类

笔者根据已进行了生物多样性科学考察的15个自然保护区(含三清山国家级风景名胜区)的资料进行整理、编目.江西省陆生脊椎动物有740种.其中,两栖动物53种,爬行动物92种,哺乳动物101种,鸟类494种.每种都列出调查记录地点.     

高表达线粒体融合蛋白2(MFN2)可抑制高BHBA活化的奶牛肝细胞NF-κB炎性通路

为研究线粒体融合蛋白2(mitofusin 2,MFN2)对高β-羟丁酸(β-hydroxybutyrate,BHBA)活化NF-κB炎性通路的影响,体外培养奶牛肝细胞,添加不同浓度(0.0,1.2,2.4,4.8 mmol/L)的BHBA,并转染过表达MFN2的腺病毒,运用Western blot和qRT-PCR技术检测NF-κB炎性通路关键分子的基因和蛋白表达。结果显示,随着BHBA浓度的增加,IKBα和NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平以及IL-1β、IL-6和TNFα的mRNA表达均显著升高,MFN2的基因和蛋白表达水平则显著降低;过表达MFN2后,显著抑制了高BHBA诱导的IKBα和NF-κB p65磷酸化水平及IL-1β、IL-6、TNFαmRNA表达水平的升高。结果表明,在奶牛肝细胞中过表达MFN2可以显著抑制高BHBA活化的NF-κB炎性通路。     

虎杖提取物对CCl4诱导建鲤损伤肝细胞生化指标的影响

为探明虎杖对鱼类损伤肝细胞是否具有修复作用，分离建鲤肝细胞，设6个试验组：I组(空白对照组)；II组(CCl4模型组)；III组(800 μg/mL虎杖提取物对照组)；IV组(造模前200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组)；V组(造模后200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组)；VI组(造模前、后200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组)。各组细胞经处理后继续培养12 h，收集肝细胞培养液，检测上清培养液中丙氨酸转氨酶(GPT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(GOT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等酶活性，丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝细胞的存活率。结果表明：III组肝细胞培养液中GOT、GPT、LDH、SOD、MDA值及细胞存活率与I组相比无明显变化(P＞0.05)，说明800 μg/mL虎杖提取物没有细胞毒性，可用于后续试验；与II组相比，IV组中800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组的效果优于其他2个浓度组，可以极显著降低培养液中GOT值(P<0.01)，显著降低培养液中GPT、LDH值(P<0.05)，显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05)，而MDA含量和SOD值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；与II组相比，V组中400 μg/mL虎杖提取物效果优于其他2个浓度组，可以极显著降低培养液中GOT值(P<0.01)，显著降低培养液中LDH值(P<0.05)，显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05)，但GPT值、MDA含量、SOD的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；与II组相比，VI组中800 μg/mL虎杖提取物效果优于其他2个浓度组，能极显著降低培养液中GOT、GPT、LDH在肝细胞中的释放(P<0.01)，显著降低培养液中MDA含量(P<0.05)，显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05)。综合以上结果，以VI组中800 μg/mL的虎杖提取物效果最好，能有效抑制CCl4所造成的肝细胞损伤，其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的研究

公路在推动我国社会、经济发展的同时也对路域（沿带状公路向周围延伸一定距离的空间范围）野生动物产生了严重的负面影响,特别是陆生脊椎动物。本文就如何利用样带法和样方法对路域陆生脊椎动物种类、数量、公路交通造成的动物死亡数等进行调查作了详细阐述。结合国内外相关领域学者的研究成果分析了公路对不同类别或种类陆生脊椎动物的影响。呼吁国内学者开展更多公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的实质性研究,并将成果运用于研究地区以后的路网设计与改造实践中。     

Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), plays an important role in protein folding, degradation of denatured proteins and steroid activation. It is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival when induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses. In the present investigation the effect of environmental stress on HSP90α expression was examined in grey mullet Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Ennore) or uncontaminated (Kovalam) estuary over two seasons: Hepatocytes were isolated from grey mullet of both estuaries. Oxidative stress was determined along with HSP90α in these fish. Additionally, immunohistochemical changes were studied to confirm the HSP90α expression. Comparison of the results revealed enhanced hepatocyte oxidative stress and HSP90α expressions in fish from Ennore to a significant extent than fish from Kovalam. Also, the results showed significant seasonal variations with maximum expression observed during summer compared to the monsoon season. Overexpression of HSP90α in hepatocytes exposed to chronic environmental stress by pollutants may confer differential effects on cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress induced changes. The results also indicate that seasonal variations have significant effect on the HSP90α expression.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘脊椎动物群落的摄食集团及其生态适应

本文依据实地观测资料，探讨了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘区脊椎动物群落各摄食集团的动种构成及其随物候期食物资料变化所产生的相应分化和转换，揭示出该区域脊椎动物食集团具有不稳定的特征，分析得出，少数生态适应性强的物种摄食量集团的分化是维系沙质荒漠生态系统完整性的重要生态过程，它介研究脊椎动物群落营养结构动态的关键摄食集团。     

对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤机制

胶原酶两步灌流法获取SD大鼠的原代肝细胞,并用不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚处理.MTT法测定肝细胞的存活率,分光光度法测定培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量.Western blotting法测定大鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)的表达水平.结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚可导致肝细胞存活率降低,LDH含量显著升高,CYP2E1表达增加.说明达到一定的剂量时.对乙酰氨基酚可引起肝细胞的损伤.