Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.     

大型贯流式泵站快速门加速启动过渡过程

为研究大型贯流式泵站机组闸门加速启动过程中的外特性参数变化及流态变化,对灯泡贯流泵机组进行三维建模,采用Fluent软件中的UDF来控制闸门的启动过程,使用铺层法动网格技术来控制闸门处网格生成与消灭,并设定S-A模型作为湍流模型,对灯泡贯流泵机组启动过程进行瞬态数值模拟.计算结果表明:当贯流泵机组快速门以10倍设计速度启动时,机组的转速与流量将以更快的速度达到额定转速与额定流量,同时瞬间最大倒灌流量相比未加速启动时增加了30%.当贯流泵机组处于倒流状态时,靠近轮毂处叶轮叶道压力面的压强呈现出从叶轮进水边向出水边逐渐递增的分布规律.当机组处于零流量的临界状态时,混乱的流态导致压力集中及脱流现象加重,叶轮进水边负压区范围扩大且程度加深.     

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺研究

为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株，采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质；影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种；影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟，以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质，生根效果最好，生根率为70.00%，平均根长为8.85 cm，平均根数为10.22条/穗；Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟，以腐叶土+蛭石为基质，生根效果较好，生根率为56.67%，平均根长为9.32 cm，平均根数为12.33条/穗；Coolidge品种生根率低，均≤20 %。     

Conservation needs for the endangered New Zealand sea lion,Phocarctos hookeri

1. Understanding population size and trend is critical information in species management and conservation. To enable accurate population trend estimates, consistent robust monitoring of a species is essential, particularly for a species such as the New Zealand (NZ) sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri , which has experienced an almost continuous decline in pup production since the late 1990s.
2. This research examines the pup production estimates for all known breeding sites for this species, and using a stage‐structured matrix population model, estimates population size and trend between 1995 and 2015.
3. Overall, it is estimated that 2,316 pups were born in 2015, a decrease of 13% since 1995 and a 27% decline since the highest pup production estimate in 1998. This decline has been driven by the significant decline of 48% at the main breeding area, the Auckland Islands since 1998.
4. Using the stage‐structured matrix population model a total species population size of 11,767 sea lions (95% CrI: 10,790–12,923) was estimated. This is the lowest population size of any sea lion species. Trend data for the Auckland Islands indicated that pup and population numbers have decreased at 1.9% yr^?1 in the last 20 yr, while total species population decline is 0.6% yr^?1.
5. Estimates of population trends for this species have been hindered by inconsistent monitoring at most breeding sites. This study strengthens the growing field of research highlighting the need for consistent long‐term monitoring for the conservation management of endangered species.

     

行星变速机构换挡变胞与其构态属性自动识别

针对数学表征行星变速机构换挡变胞过程及自动识别各挡位构态属性较难的问题，首先，解析了行星变速机构变胞理论，基于机构转换法定义相对转速意义下行星排构件间运动副约束函数的转换规则，构建以约束函数为元素的行星变速机构构件和关联关系的邻接矩阵；然后，根据换挡逻辑分析了操纵离合器和制动器的换挡变胞过程，基于邻接矩阵分别推导这两种换挡构态演变的变胞方程，建立包含行星排空转和整体回转等特殊构态的判别准则，结合实例分析揭示换挡变胞机理；最后，通过建立相对转速方程和行星变速机构特性参数识别，结合行星变速机构等效拓扑模型的约束条件，提出了基于构态变胞方程的行星变速机构传动比和转矩自动建模和求解方法，实现了行星变速机构各挡位构态属性的自动识别。以某拖拉机行星变速器为例进行了分析，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

MicroRNA-145 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal cancer A-498 cells by ADAM28

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of microRNA-145 (miR-145) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal cancer A-498 cells. METHODS: The A-498 cells were transfected with miR-145 mimics (M145) and mimic negative control(MNC), which served as M145 group and MNC group, respectively. Mock control (MC) group was set up using untreated A-498 cells. The expression level of miR-145 in each group was detected by RT-qPCR. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The protein expression of vimentin, E-cadherin and ADAM28 was determined by Western blot. Bioinformatic method was used to predict the target genes of miR-145. Antagonistic effect of ADAM28 over-expression on the inhibition of EMT by miR-145 was detected by Western blot. The relationship between miR-145 and ADAM28 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-145 in M145 group was significantly up-regulated than that in MC group (P<0.05). The number of invasive cells in M145 group was 12.78±3.37, which was significantly lower than that in MC group (P<0.05). ADAM28 may be the target gene of miR-145. Compared with MC group, the protein expression of vimentin and ADAM28 in M145 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased (P<0.05).After ADAM28 over-expression, the protein expression of vimentin in the A-498 cells of M145 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results of dual-lucife-irasei reporter assay showed that ADAM28 was a downstream target gene of miR-145. CONCLUSION: miR-145 may inhibit the expression of EMT-related proteins through the downstream target gene ADAM28 and inhibit the EMT process of renal cancer A-498 cells.     

有机基质臭氧消毒设备设计与试验

为实现有机基质的绿色、高效消毒,设计了有机基质臭氧消毒设备。基于离散元软件EDEM建立了有机基质颗粒模型,根据有机质物料输送及抛撒动力学特性与臭氧消毒工艺流程,利用Solid Works软件构建了有机基质臭氧消毒设备结构模型,并对两种模型进行接触参数标定。以有机基质倾尽角为评价指标,以抄板弯折角、转筒转速、填充率为试验因素,进行了三因素五水平正交旋转组合仿真试验。根据仿真结果,利用Design-Expert软件回归分析法建立倾尽角回归数学模型,对有机基质臭氧消毒设备模型中的抄板弯折角、转筒转速、填充率进行了参数优化与试验验证。结果表明,在各因素取值范围内,抄板弯折角对有机基质倾尽角影响极显著,转筒转速对倾尽角影响显著,填充率对倾尽角影响不显著;有机基质臭氧消毒装置最优作业参数组合为:抄板弯折角124.23°、转筒转速6.29 r/min,此时物料倾尽角仿真值为89.3°。臭氧消毒灭菌性能试验验证结果为:臭氧初始质量浓度64.2 mg/m~3,消毒60 min后,细菌灭菌率88.9%,真菌灭菌率97.9%,能够满足有机基质消毒生产要求。     

内蒙古乌拉特高原荒漠原生树种蒙古扁桃容器育苗试验研究

蒙古扁桃是蒙古高原的一种孑遗植物,是国家三级保护植物,具有药用、饲用和巨大的生态价值。为了保护蒙古扁桃这一珍贵天然资源,开展了蒙古扁桃的容器育苗试验,总结繁育蒙古扁桃苗木的经验。试验在巴彦淖尔乌拉特后旗的呼和温都尔镇乌兰哈少嘎查进行。通过对蒙古扁桃容器育苗的试验,总结出了一套适用于西部干旱地区的蒙古扁桃繁育技术。