Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.     

马尾藻海藻多糖生物活性研究新进展

近年来的研究表明,马尾藻中富含多种新型生物活性化合物,如海藻多酚、海藻多糖及多种硫酸多糖衍生物。在分离出的生物活性成分中,海藻多糖因其具有良好的保健作用和药用效果而备受关注。同时,有大量研究已经证明,马尾藻海藻多糖对人类疾病的预防以及恢复具有积极效果。因此,本文对近年来马尾藻海藻多糖的抗凝血、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血管生成和抗炎症活性的最新进展进行了综述,以期能助推马尾藻海藻多糖的研究,并且协助填补理论研究与工业应用之间的知识鸿沟。     

Resilience of microorganisms and aggregation of a sandy calcareous soil to amendment with organic and synthetic fertilizer

Marginal coastal soils are dependent on appropriate land management to prevent soil erosion, as a result of low soil stability combined with exposure to strong winds. An example of such an area is the machair, a fixed dune system utilized for agriculture in the northwest of Scotland, UK. The separate and combined effects of synthetic NPK fertilizer and a traditional soil conditioner (kelp, a seaweed) on soil structure formation, stabilization and biological parameters were studied on a cropped field on the machair. Soil physical properties examined included water retention at 10 kPa matric suction, water stable aggregates (WSA) >1 mm, aggregate stability, and biological properties including ester-linked fatty acid (ELFA) analysis and β-glucosidase activity for microbial biomass and activity, respectively. Significant treatment effects were few and inconsistent between sampling times, but included kelp and/or NPK fertilizer reducing aggregation, water retention, microbial biomass and activity relative to the unamended control treatment. Furthermore, seasonal variation, which could be attributed to changes in soil water content, was stronger than variation in response to fertilizer treatments. Principal components analysis of the ELFA data showed that ploughing promoted fungal biomass relative to bacteria, and confirmed both the absence of consistent synthetic and organic fertilizer effects and the sensitivity of microbial biomass to season. Overall, the study demonstrated the resilience of a calcareous sandy soil to amendment with fertilizer.     

镉在海藻中的化学形态

利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。     

Effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on the immune performance of pigs

In pig production, dietary additive antibiotics are usually used for growth stimulation and disease prevention, although there is public concern about the increased incidence of resistant antibiotics and food safety. It is possible that such antibiotics might be replaced by naturally derived products such as seaweed and licorice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on enhancing the immune function in swine. The animals of each group (eight animals per group) were sensitized at day 42 and 49, and the immunoglobulin production and the expression of cytokines were detected by the ELISA and real‐time PCR. As the results, saliva IgA production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around five times compared to that of control (day 56). Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and IgG production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around 1.8–2.0 times. In addition, enhanced saliva IgA production was detected at day 50 (around two times) and day 51 (around five times) by the licorice treatment, and lower expression level of tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA at day 51 (around 1/25) was observed in the licorice treatment. We conclude that the replacement of antibiotics by naturally derived dietary additives might be feasible for immune system enhancement.     

育苗基质喷施海藻肥对番茄幼苗生长的影响

以番茄‘合作908’为试材,在筛选出的3种稻壳基质中进行育苗,通过喷施5种不同浓度海藻肥,研究育苗基质和海藻肥耦合效应对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明∶番茄幼苗在3种育苗基质中生长存在显著差异,以腐熟稻壳∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6∶2∶2(T2)处理幼苗生长最健壮;喷施800倍液海藻肥处理效果最佳,其株高、茎粗、干鲜重、根系活力及壮苗指数均显著高于其他浓度处理;壮苗指数多因素方差分析结果表明：基质种类×海藻肥对壮苗指数存在互作（P=0.029）,其中基质种类影响程度大于海藻肥;T2基质+喷施800倍液海藻肥处理幼苗生长最佳,根系活力和壮苗指数分别比对照提高24.04%和19.05%。此结果可以为工厂化番茄优质种苗培育提供理论依据。     

不同海藻饲料对刺参幼参生长的影响

为了研究海藻饲料对刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参生长效果的影响,在水温(18±1)℃下,将体质量(1.25±0.02)g的幼参饲养在容积为25 L的塑料水槽中,每槽6头,投喂采用孔石莼Ulva pertusa、角叉菜Chondrus ocellatus、裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida干粉及其混合干粉、鲜孔石莼、鲜角叉菜、鲜裙带菜及其混合磨碎液与25%海泥制成的8种饲料,共饲养60 d,试验结束时测定幼参的生长情况和水体中的氨氮含量。结果表明:投喂不同海藻饲料的幼参存活率均在80%以上,组间无显著性差异(P0.05);投喂鲜孔石莼饲料的幼参体质量增长最快,特定生长率为(1.38±0.13)%/d,显著高于其他组(P0.05);投喂鲜孔石莼饲料的幼参饲料转化率显著高于其他组(P0.05),而其他组间无显著性差异(P0.05),此组的摄食率和排粪率均为最高,且与其他组有显著性差异(P0.05);鲜孔石莼组水体的平均氨氮含量最低,为(0.005±0.003)mg/L,孔石莼干粉组最高,为(0.021±0.016)mg/L,两者有显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,投喂鲜孔石莼时幼参的生长效果最好,对水体的氨氮含量影响较小,在刺参幼参培育中添加鲜孔石莼效果较好。     

海藻粉和抗菌肽及其协同效应对蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨海藻粉和抗菌肽及其协同效应对蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响.采用4×2(海藻粉×抗菌肽预混剂)完全随机试验设计,将480只海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为8个组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只.饲粮海藻粉的添加水平分别为0、1.0％、3.0％、5.0％,抗菌肽预混剂的添加水平分别为300、600 mg/kg.预试期7d,正试期28 d.结果表明:1)饲粮添加海藻粉显著提高了产蛋率、蛋料比、蛋黄颜色和蛋壳强度(P＜0.05).2)饲粮添加抗菌肽显著提高了产蛋率和蛋壳强度(P＜0.05).3)海藻粉和抗菌肽协同效应显著提高了产蛋率、蛋料比、蛋黄颜色和蛋壳强度(P＜0.05).由此可见,海藻粉和抗菌肽对蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响存在协同效应,以5％海藻粉+300 mg/kg抗菌肽最为理想.