高分子编结网片水动力特性水槽试验研究

高分子渔用材料在设施养殖和海洋渔业中的应用越来越广泛,对其水动力特性进行研究十分必要。试验采用不同网目系数和网线粗度的高分子编结试验网片进行水槽试验,倾角从0°变化到90°,设置水流速度从0.3 m/s开始,以0.1 m/s为梯度,逐渐增大至1.3 m/s。为减小尾流和湍流对试验结果的影响,使用流线型框架固定装配。经试验得到以下结果:(1)在网片与水流垂直时,阻力系数有随网目系数增大而增大的趋势,而在网片与水流平行时,阻力系数随网目系数增大而减小。(2)阻力系数有随雷诺数增大而逐渐减少的趋势,网片平面与流体运动方向速度垂直时,阻力系数在13001500后阻力系数变化不大。(3)阻力系数随着冲角的增大而增大并最终趋于稳定值。(4)升阻力系数比(K)在总体上有随倾角变大而先变大再变小的趋势,K的极值均出现在20°到30°内,最大K值约为0.41。(5)网片与水流垂直时,在1000相似文献   

网纹甜瓜网纹形成期灌水制度的探索

优美的网纹是网纹甜瓜的一个重要品质指标,其与土壤含水量关系密切,为了提高网纹甜瓜的商品率,亟需探索北京地区网纹甜瓜适宜的灌水制度。通过实时监测土壤含水量,依据网纹甜瓜需水规律进行灌溉,与常规经验灌溉方式相比较,植株长势稍弱,产量稍低,但果实品质和商品率显著提高,更能满足高端市场的需求。初步认为按需灌水利于网纹的形成,灌水时间和灌水量等有待进一步研究。     

网纹甜瓜网纹形成发育研究进展

优美的网纹是网纹甜瓜一个重要品质特征。本文综述了网纹甜瓜网纹形成发育过程中的果实表皮细胞特征,网纹发育相关过氧化物酶活性和相关植物激素对网纹形成的影响,并概括了影响网纹发育的相关外源因素,指出了今后的研究方向。     

渔用高强度聚乙烯和普通聚乙烯编织线的拉伸力学性能比较试验

渔用高强度聚乙烯编织线（以下简称HSPE编织线）和普通聚乙烯编织线（以下简称PE编织线）的拉伸力学性能比较试验结果表明，在同等编线工艺（编织线捻距为27mm、线股结构为3×16、线芯用丝数量为7和线芯为不加捻的平行丝束）条件下，规格为“HSPE-37tex×3×16＋7”HSPE编织线断裂强力、单线结强力分别比规格为“PE-37tex×3×16＋7”PE编织线增加了10.0%和9.1%，而前者的断裂伸长率比后者减少了11.3%；在同等编线工艺（编织线捻距为30mm、线股结构为4×16、线芯用丝数量为18和线芯为不加捻的平行丝束）条件下，规格为“HSPE-37tex×4×16＋18”HSPE编织线断裂强力、单线结强力分别比规格为“PE-37tex×4×16＋18”PE编织线增加了8.1%、6.1%，而前者的断裂伸长率比后者减少了13.3%；HSPE编织线较PE编织线具有强力优势，HSPE编织线在渔具或网箱上推广应用具有可行性。     

六角形目和无结菱形目经编网片阻力性能与运动变化的比较

通过水槽模型实验,对六角形目经编网片(RHN)和无结菱形目经编网片(KRNDM)不同流速(V,0.5、0.75、1.0、1.25、1.5、1.75、2.0 kn)、不同横向缩结系数(Et,0.60、0.65、0.707)下的网片阻力性能和运动变化进行了比较分析。结果如下:(1)网片固定时,六角形目网片阻力较大,无结菱形目网片阻力较小。在横向缩结系数范围(0.60~0.707)内,无结菱形目网片的阻力随着Et增大而逐渐减小,六角形目网片阻力则与Et变化无明显相关。(2)相同Et时,六角形目网片阻力始终较无结菱形目网片阻力大,且与无结菱形目网片之间的阻力差值随流速的增加逐渐增大。(3)Et对于水平位移和垂直位移的影响随网片的结构差异而不同。相同Et时,六角形目网片的水平位移均较大,无结菱形目网片较小。在设计选用网箱网片时(Et,0.60~0.707),首先应考虑网片网目结构和网线粗度,其次考虑横向缩结系数。     

编线工艺对渔用高强度聚乙烯编织线拉伸性能的影响

2007年3月~2008年12月在东海水产研究所开展了编线工艺对渔用高强度聚乙烯(HSPE)编织线拉伸性能的影响研究。结果表明,在试验捻距范围(公称直径3.0 mm和3.9 mm编织线的试验捻距范围分别为11.1~29.2 mm、16.4~48.5 mm)内,若其它条件(包括线股结构、线芯用丝数量和线芯结构等)相同,则以不同捻距编织的相同公称直径渔用HSPE编织线的断裂强力及单线结强力均随捻距的增加而增加,而断裂伸长率及线密度则随捻距的增加而减小;多项式回归方程显示,断裂强力与捻距、单线结强力与捻距均显示较好的相关性(R2≥0.987 7)。在线芯用丝数量范围(公称直径3.0 mm和3.9 mm编织线的试验用线芯用丝数量范围分别为0~36、0~64)内,若其它条件(包括线股结构、捻距和线芯结构等)相同,则以不同线芯用丝数量编织的相同公称直径渔用HSPE编织线的断裂强力、单线结强力及线密度均随线芯用丝数量的增多而增加,而断裂伸长率则随线芯用丝数量的增加而减小;多项式回归方程显示,断裂强力与线芯用丝数量、单线结强力与线芯用丝数量均显示较好的相关性(R2≥0.969 5)。若其它条件(包括线股结构、捻距和线芯用丝数量等)相同,则将线芯结构由不加捻的平行丝束改为捻度为32 T/m的线股后,公称直径2.5 mm渔用HSPE编织线的断裂强力、单线结强力、断裂伸长率和线密度均有一定的增加。捻距、线芯用丝数量及线芯结构对渔用HSPE编织线拉伸性能的影响较大。     

Evaluation of a preliminary title to protect zero-grazed dairy cattle with insecticide-treated mosquito netting in Western Kenya

The incidence of trypanosome infection was monitored in dairy cattle during a 6-month trial in Busia and Teso districts, western Kenya, to assess the efficacy of insecticide-treated netting for protection against tsetse flies. Frequently, the fragile netting did not last longer than 2 months because of destruction by strong wind or animal movements. Also, many farmers let their cattle graze freely outside the units during the day, despite technical advice, resulting in exposure of the free-ranging animals to habitats suitable for tsetse and thereby an increased risk of trypanosome infections. The trial groups thus comprised 34 animals from 11 dairy units that were continuously protected, and 153 animals from 46 dairy units that were partially protected. The control group consisted of 162 animals in 42 unprotected units. The phase-contrast buffy-coat technique was used for parasitological monitoring. The mean hazard rate for trypanosomes was significantly lower in protected cows, with a value of 0.007 as opposed to 0.02 for the control animals. Mean packed cell volumes (PCV) were significantly higher in protected cattle (29.7%) than in unprotected ones (27.6%). Farmers with protected animals also reported fewer nuisance flies and mosquitoes in their compounds.     

K型网目对渔用乙纶网片拉伸力学性能的影响

以网片断裂强力、网片断裂伸长率和网片断裂强力保持率为指标，研究了不同K型网目对渔用乙纶网片拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明：K型网目下网目内径之比在1.01～1．20时，网片断裂强力随着网目内径之比的增大而下降，两者呈密函数相关。同规格线的网片，K型网目下且两网目内径之比相同时，小规格网目尺寸的网片断裂强力损失小，断裂伸长率高，而大规格网目尺寸的网片断裂强力损失大．断裂伸长率低。     

Experimental study on the effect of horizontal waves on netting panels

The effect of horizontal waves on flexible netting panels is examined in this study, to evaluate the testing method of pretensioned mooring, radial systems, and flexible netting structures. The netting was suspended at a specific hanging ratio for six polyethylene panels with different characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the calculation method for horizontal wave forces on flexible netting panels. A regular wave was used in the experiment, with wave period 0.8–2.0 s and wave height 50–250 mm. The force on the netting structure was recorded by a tension transducer and digital signal recorder, and was simulated by a cubic spline in terms of the wave experiment under different wave conditions. The horizontal wave force on the netting panel changed periodically and asymmetrically, which was similar to the surface wave elevation. The horizontal wave force was related to the netting panel height and width (l), wave height (H) and wave length (L), twine diameter (d) and bar length (a) of the mesh. Using dual series relations, least-squares approximation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis, the following formula was obtained for the horizontal wave average apex value (F) on the netting panel: F=0.13ρgl(H/2)²(d/a)(H ^0.64 L ^0.77/0.9a ^0.44).     

Fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene netting twine

Tensile and knot fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), regular polyethylene (PE), nylon multifilament (PAmu), and nylon monofilament (PAmo) under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The durability of HPPE under tensile fatigue testing was largest, followed by PAmo, PAmu and PE. In knot fatigue, the largest was PAmo, followed by HPPE, PAmu, and PE. High resistance by HPPE to the cyclic loads was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that HPPE suffered the least damage from abrasion compared with the other twines. From the measurement of elongation changes during the cyclic loading, HPPE had very small changes. The low elongation value of HPPE was probably the result of its better fatigue property because there was less damage from abrasion.