日粮中裂殖壶藻渣对多鳞白甲鱼生长、脂代谢及健康的影响

本研究旨在探究裂殖壶藻渣作为饲料原料对土著鱼类多鳞白甲鱼的生长性能、脂质代谢及健康状况的影响。在五种等氮等脂饲料中分别添加0g/kg(DS0)、30g/kg(DS3)、60g/kg(DS6)、90g/kg(DS9)和120g/kg(DS12)的裂殖壶藻渣,饲喂养殖于室内循环水系统的180尾多鳞白甲鱼（9.00g±0.25g/尾,12尾/缸）56天。结果显示：（1）增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料系数(FCR)在各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);（2）DS9组和DS12组的肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)、腹脂指数(IFI)、肝脏和腹脂甘油三脂(TG)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);（3）DS6、DS9和DS12组肌肉中DHA含量、∑n-3 LC PUFA（N-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸）含量、n-3/n-6 PUFA比例、胆固醇血症指数(h/H)和血脂质量指数(FLQ)显著高于对照组,而动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和血栓形成指数(TI)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);（4）所有处理组肝脏的脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)的mRNA表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);DS6、DS9和DS12组腹腔脂肪组织的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶2(ACC2)和甘油三酯水解酶(ATGL)的mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。（5）所有处理组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在日粮中添加90g/ kg的裂殖壶藻渣可能通过影响脂代谢相关基因的表达显著降低多鳞白甲鱼腹腔脂肪和肝脏脂肪蓄积,并提升其肌肉营养价值,增强机体抗氧化能力。     

Assessment of marine thraustochytrid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizochytrium limacinum</Emphasis> OUC88 for mariculture by enriched feeds

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.     

Heterotrophic Aurantiochytrium sp. supplementation to layer diets sustainably increases the omega-3 concentration of eggs

ABSTRACT

1. The consumption of adequate amounts of the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Eggs are commonly consumed worldwide, and their omega-3 content can be easily altered by changing the diets of laying hens and so represent an important target for enrichment.

2. In this study, the effect of supplementing laying hens with DHA-rich, Aurantiochytrium limacinum at three different inclusion levels was investigated over a 24-week period.

3. Significant increases in egg DHA concentrations were observed after four weeks and were maintained for the duration of the 24-week study. The supplemented eggs in the current study had a DHA content of 82, 101, and 129 mg/yolk when supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% treatments, respectively, which meets the EU criteria to be considered ‘high in omega-3?.

4. Using the sustainably grown protist Aurantiochytrium limacinum to supplement layer diets increased the egg DHA concentration and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio, improving the nutritional value of the eggs for human consumers.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

Preparation of Triacylglycerols Enriched in DHA from Single Cell Glycerides via Molecular Distillation and Enzymatic Glycerolysis

In the present study, the total lipids from Schizochytrium sp. were ethylated, and ethyl esters (EE) enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) were obtained through molecular distillation and converted to glyceride form via lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis under vacuum with activated clay as absorbents in a nonsolvent system. Total lipids were extracted from dry powder of Schizochytrium sp., which was followed by lipase catalyzed ethylation. EE with 83.04% DHA was obtained through a three-stage procedure of molecular distillation. The effect of vacuum, temperature, reaction time, substrate ratio, and enzyme dosage on glycerolysis was investigated. Vacuum and increase in temperature had a positive effect on glycerolysis, and the increase in substrate ratio led to an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) content but a decrease in EE conversion. The adsorption of glycerol onto activated clay played a positive role in glycerolysis, and the operational stability of immobilized lipase. The conditions which gave the glycerides with more than 75% TAG were 60°C, 24 h, 0.048 mol EE, 0.016 mol glycerol, 2.25 g activated clay, and 3% Lipozyme 435, and the immobilized lipase showed good operational stability in 10 batches of reactions with activated clay as absorbent.     

裂殖壶藻发酵粉对南美白对虾生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响

在南美白对虾基础饲料中分别添加0、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的裂殖壶藻发酵粉,研究其对南美白对虾生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响。实验在30个网箱(1m×2 m×1 m)中进行,每个网箱放虾180尾,实验时间为60d。结果表明:0.5%裂殖壶藻发酵粉能有效提高个体增重和降低饲料系数,但裂殖壶藻发酵粉对南美白对虾增重率、成活率和饲料系数没有显著影响(P0.05);裂殖壶藻发酵粉对南美白对虾肌肉灰分和粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05),但能显著影响肌肉中蛋白质的含量和粗脂肪中DHA的含量(P0.05),1.0%组蛋白质含量最高,0.5%组粗脂肪中DHA的含量最高。实验条件下,裂殖壶藻发酵粉能改善南美白对虾的生长性能,提高肌肉的营养品质,推荐添加量为0.5%。     

碳氮比对Schizochytrium sp.JN-3发酵产DHA的影响及其中试研究

[目的]研究C／N比对Schizochytriumsp．JN-3发酵产DHA的影响,并经中试放大验证。[方法]分批发酵探求初始C／N比对Schizochytriumsp．JN-3发酵产DHA的影响,并进行200L中试放大考察该菌的工业发酵潜力。[结果]生物量和总脂含量在碳氮比为10时达到最大值,分别为31．8和20．1g／L,DHA含量在碳氮比为20时达到最高,为46．9％。200L中试放大后生物量为30．2g／L,总油脂含量18．4g／L,占细胞干重的63．2％,DHA含量为7．4g／L,占总油脂含量的40．2％。[结论]Schizochytriumsp．JN-3具有较好的工业化潜力。     

Replacement of living microalgae with spray-dried diets for the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Growth experiments were carried out in which juvenile mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were fed diets composed of spray-dried algal products (Sanders Brine Shrimp) which included Schizochytrium sp. (SZ; Docosa Gold), Spirulina platensis (Sp) [=Arthrospira platensis] and Hematococcus pluvialis (H) either alone or in combination with partial rations of living microalgae. Growth of mussels fed 1/4 ration of living algae plus a mixed supplement of 50/50% w/w SZ:Sp grew significantly (SNK; P<0.05) faster than mussels fed a full live algal ration. Furthermore, growth (both wet weight and dry organic weight increase) of mussels fed diets composed of either 70/30% w/w SZ: ground Sp (GSp; <20 μm) or 25/50/25% w/w H:SZ:GSp was significantly (PLSD; P<0.05) greater than that of mussels fed an equal ration (by dry weight) of living Tahitian Isochrysis galbana.     

微藻粉替代鱼油对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成和生理指标的影响

为探讨微藻粉替代鱼油对星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus,Pallas 1788)幼鱼生长、体组成和生理指标的影响,以鱼油为主要脂肪源配制基础饲料(FO),分别用裂壶藻粉(SO)、微绿球藻粉(NO)及两种藻粉的混合物(MO)替代鱼油中的DHA、EPA,不足部分用玉米油补齐,制成4种等氮等能的实验饲料,投喂星斑川鲽幼鱼(初始体重7.35 g±0.03 g)90 d。结果显示,与FO组相比,SO组的生长性能无显著差异(P0.05),NO组和MO组特定生长率、蛋白质效率和脏体比显著降低(P0.05),饲料系数显著增大(P0.05);MO组的全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P0.05),FO组与MO组的全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P0.05),FO组背肌粗灰分含量显著低于其他组(P0.05);藻粉替代鱼油对肌肉和肝脏脂肪酸组分影响显著,肌肉的C16:0和DHA含量与其在饲料中所占的百分比呈显著正相关(r=0.973,0.967,P0.05),C14:0和C16:1n-7呈极显著正相关(r=1.00,0.996,P0.01),肝的C18:2n-6、n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA呈显著正相关(r=0.983,0.976,0.977,P0.05),C16:1n-7呈现极显著正相关(r=0.992,P0.01);NO组和MO组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量较FO组显著降低(P0.05),NO组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。研究表明,本实验条件下裂壶藻粉可以替代星斑川鲽幼鱼饲料中的鱼油而不对其生长和生理指标产生负面影响,并且在一定程度上能提高星斑川鲽的营养价值。     

裂壶藻对津新鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)生长、血液非特异性免疫指标及抗病力的影响

选用初始体重为(26.77±1.56)g的津新鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian) 540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,分别投喂含0、0.40％、0.80％、1.20％、1.60％和2.00％裂壶藻的等氮等能饲料,饲养56 d,探讨饲料中不同水平的裂壶藻对津新鲤生长、血液非特异性免疫指标及抗病力的影响.结果显示,在0.80％裂壶藻水平组中,增重率和特定生长率均显著提高(P＜0.05),肥满度则在1.20％水平组中达到最大值(P＜0.05),各组间成活率差异不显著(P＞0.05).不同水平的裂壶藻均可以显著提高津新鲤的抗氧化能力,其中过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽的含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且分别在1.20％、0.80％和1.20％组中达到最高(P＜0.05);而丙二醛含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,在0.80％组中达最低(P＜0.05).不同水平的裂壶藻均可以显著提高津新鲤的非特异性免疫力,溶菌酶呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中1.20％组活性最高(P＜0.05).一氧化氮含量随裂壶藻水平增加而增加,各添加组含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶在0.80％组中达到最小值(P＜0.05).随着裂壶藻水平的增加,津新鲤血细胞呼吸爆发活性和免疫保护率得到显著提高,感染嗜水气单胞菌后的累计死亡率则显著降低(P＜0.05),其中,以0.80％组最佳.综合生长、血液非特异性免疫指标和抗病力来分析,饲料中裂壶藻的适宜添加水平为0.80％-1.20％.