盐度胁迫及昼夜变化对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活力的影响

研究了S0（盐度为0）、S10、S20、S33（对照）和S40 5个盐度梯度14d内盐度胁迫及其昼夜变化对鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶比活力的影响。结果显示：1）盐度胁迫对鲻鱼幼鱼的消化酶活力有显著影响（P〈0．05）。不同盐度的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的变化规律都是在第0天～第7天升高，第7天～第14天降低，最终时（第14天）S0～S33蛋白酶活力呈上升趋势，S33～S40下降；S0～S20淀粉酶活力差异不显著（P〉0．05），S20～S33呈上升，S33～S40下降，且差异显著（P〈0．05）；2）对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活性昼夜变化的测定表明，蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的最高值分别在12：00和15：00，最低值均出现在6：00。因此，夜间设置定时投喂，可促进鱼类快速健康生长。     

惠东拟囊腔吸虫种群动态研究

鲻体内的惠东拟囊腔吸虫（Ｓａｃｃｏｃｏｅｄｉｏｉｄｅｓ ｈｕｉｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｕｅ，１９９３）随着宿主体长的生长，其感染强度，平均密度有逐渐增加的趋势，而感染率则呈不规划的波动；其感染率、感染强度和平均密度在不同月份亦呈不稳定变化；吸虫在宿主体内的频率分布表明，大量的吸虫寄生于少数宿主中，而多数宿主感染少量的吸虫；吸虫在不同体长组的分布类型为聚集分布，且聚集强度随种群密度的增加而增大。     

Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), plays an important role in protein folding, degradation of denatured proteins and steroid activation. It is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival when induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses. In the present investigation the effect of environmental stress on HSP90α expression was examined in grey mullet Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Ennore) or uncontaminated (Kovalam) estuary over two seasons: Hepatocytes were isolated from grey mullet of both estuaries. Oxidative stress was determined along with HSP90α in these fish. Additionally, immunohistochemical changes were studied to confirm the HSP90α expression. Comparison of the results revealed enhanced hepatocyte oxidative stress and HSP90α expressions in fish from Ennore to a significant extent than fish from Kovalam. Also, the results showed significant seasonal variations with maximum expression observed during summer compared to the monsoon season. Overexpression of HSP90α in hepatocytes exposed to chronic environmental stress by pollutants may confer differential effects on cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress induced changes. The results also indicate that seasonal variations have significant effect on the HSP90α expression.     

Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.     

Evaluation of different protein sources in fingerling grey mullet <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> practical diets

An eight-week experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different protein sources (fish and haemoglobin meal, soybean meal and torula yeast), in practical diets, on growth, body composition and gut morphology of fingerling grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Weight gain (%), SGR, FCR, N retention, PER, PGR, FDR and carcass composition of fish were not significantly affected by the dietary protein source. Fish fed the torula yeast based diet showed reduction in growth performance. Histological examinations performed on the alimentary tract of the fish showed a normal structural pattern in the experimental groups, as fundamental histological and histochemical aspects were similar if compared to the control group. The lower growth performance observed in fish fed a torula yeast based diet may be tentatively correlated with the presence of some detrimental morpho-functional aspects in the gut of these fish if compared to fish fed the other diets. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.     

鲻鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位

用7种哺乳类胃肠激素抗体对鲻鱼消化道内分泌细胞进行免疫组织化学定位。结果表明5-HT、SST、VIP、GAS和P物质免疫活性内分泌细胞均存在于鲻鱼胃肠粘膜中，而胰高血糖素和胰岛则显免疫阴性反应。文中还描述了鲻鱼胃肠道免疫活性内分泌细胞的形态学特点及在胃肠各部的分布密度，并对其可能的分泌方式和功能进行了讨论。     

17-β雌二醇诱导鲻雌性化的机制

用原位杂交和免疫细胞化学技术,对服用17 β雌二醇实验组和对照组幼年鲻脑各部和性腺进行芳香化酶的定位。结果发现,芳香化酶转录物和特异性蛋白在幼年鲻端脑(嗅球和大脑)、间脑、中脑和小脑是丰富的。在性别未分化时,芳香化酶免疫活性细胞在幼鲻脑各部的分布密度有显著的差异。在嗅球,对照组芳香化酶免疫阳性细胞的分布密度高于实验组,而在间脑、中脑和小脑实验组免疫阳性细胞数量比对照组多1～3倍,特别是下丘脑视前区芳香化酶的免疫阳性细胞数量尤占优势,提示芳香化酶在幼年鲻性分化中可能起关键的作用。另外,在性分化后,芳香化酶免疫活性还定位在卵巢颗粒细胞和精巢间质细胞与足细胞。同时,免疫阳性物质也定位在卵巢和精巢的生殖细胞。这些结果揭示了17 β雌二醇诱发幼鲻雌性化的机制可能是通过芳香化酶的介导,本研究首次提供形态学新的证据。最后,文中还讨论了芳香化酶在鲻性腺发育中可能的生理作用。     

淡水养殖梭鱼的人工繁殖机理

1982～1986年;作者采用外源药理学方法,使淡水养殖梭鱼(S‰0.297-0.569)克服了“淡水不育症”,雌鱼性腺成熟率85％以上,完全取代了“海水过渡”。在人工催产中又克服了排卵机制的障碍及胚胎对环境的不适应,并对梭鱼亲鱼血清激素含量进行放射免疫(RIA)测定及电子显微镜对梭鱼脑垂体亚显微结构进行观察。提出梭鱼存在血脑屏障。     

Biochemical responses of matrinxãBrycon cephalus (Günther, 1869) after sustained swimming

Juvenile matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, were submitted to sustained swimming for 72 days at 1.0 body length s^?1. Exercised fish (EF) grew more than non‐EF and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved; haematological responses demonstrated a decrease in haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin contents and increase in the mean cell volume. In the plasma, sodium, ammonia and amino acid concentrations increased; plasma triglycerides decreased while free fatty acids increased. Liver glucose, free amino acids, ammonia, the rate protein per fish weight and total lipid content increased, while the glycogen per fish ratio declined. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased while pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased. White muscle glucose, lactate, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and total lipid content exhibited a decrease in their values; ammonia, free amino acids and the protein per fish‐weight ratio increased. GDH and PK decreased their activities. In the red muscle glycogen store, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and glucose were reduced. Juvenile matrinxãs, under sustained swimming, were physiologically and biochemically adapted to exercise as indicated by improved blood flow, transport and oxygen uptake, FCR, amino acid and protein incorporation and growth. Continuous exercise is a good practice for B. cephalus cultivation.