不同产地瓦松活性成分初步研究

目的:讨论不同产地瓦松提取物活性成分差异,以期为瓦松应用开发提供理论基础。方法:采用系统化学检测法研究瓦松水提物及醇提取物成分差异;采用HPLC法,对水提物正丁醇萃取相进行了讨论,研究其差异。结果:不同产地瓦松水提物及醇提物存在一定差异。结论:相对来说辽宁、黑龙江所产瓦松活性成分较为丰富,相对含量较高。     

牛冷冻精液稀释液中草药配方的初步研究

通过比较以淫羊藿为主要成分的单方及复方中草药提取液对牛冷冻精液解冻后精子活率、畸形率、顶体完整率及低温保存时间的影响，以期开发牛冷冻精液中式稀释液。将三种不同配方的淫羊藿提取液分别以6．25％、12．5％、25．0％、50．0％的体积分数添加于稀释液中，制作牛颗粒冻精，利用干解冻法（40～42℃）解冻后分别检查精子活率、畸形率和顶体完整率，评定其品质。结果表明：配方三取得了较佳的冷冻效果。其提取液添加12．5％时精子冻后活率平均达到0．56，极显著高于其他各组（P〈0．01）：精子顶体完整率最高达到76．80％。畸形率仅14．61％，低温保存时间长迭138h。配方三最有利于生产牛冷冻精液。     

太原城市生态廊道草本植被调查及其分布格局分析

对太原市河流生态廊道和道路生态廊道的草本植被进行调查,分析其植物种类构成和分布格局,探讨城市生态廊道植物多样性及景观效益。结果表明,太原城市生态廊道草本植物有 174 种,隶属于 41 科 20 属,其中乡土植物 107 种,所占比例 61.49%;外来植物 48 种,所占比例 27.59%;入侵植物 19 种,所占比例 10.92%。相关分析表明,距离城市中心越远,调查样点草本植物多样性越高,可见城市化进程降低了城市生态廊道的植物丰富度。总体来看,道路生态廊道草本植被多样性高于河流生态廊道。不同廊道中入侵种占比的分布规律并不一致,河流生态廊道入侵种比例随着城市中心距离的增加而增加;而道路生态廊道恰恰相反,距城市中心越近,入侵种占比反而越大。     

正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

怀山药—怀地黄对药多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响

探讨怀山药—怀地黄对药多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响。首先采用MTT法测定怀山药—怀地黄多糖、怀山药多糖、怀地黄多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的安全浓度,然后,在各多糖安全浓度范围内,用MTT法测定三种多糖对健康和免疫抑制小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,怀山药-怀地黄多糖、怀山药多糖、怀地黄多糖均具有一定的促进淋巴细胞增殖作用,具有一定的浓度依赖性,综合比较,三种多糖增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的作用顺序为:怀山药—怀地黄多糖怀山药多糖怀地黄多糖。结论,怀山药—怀地黄对药多糖增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的作用优于其单一中药。     

中药渣及添加剂对幼兔增重效果的研究

本试验利用药厂生产“增长乐”取汁后的中药渣，配合于家兔日粮中并对其生长效果进行观察研究。在小白鼠预试的基础上，添加３％的中药渣并配合２００ｐｐｍ铜、７５ｐｐｍ喹乙醇，２００ｐｐｍ铜＋０．３克四环素于幼兔日粮中。结果表明；添加３％中药渣较对照组提高日增重９．６％，节料７％；配合使用２００ｐｐｍ铜，则效果更佳。总的结果表明：中药渣及添加剂作为一种促生长剂增加到家兔日粮中是可行的     

Ten-year response of the herbaceous layer to an operational herbicide-shelterwood treatment in a northern hardwood forest

Shelterwood seed cutting in conjunction with herbicide site preparation has proven effective at regenerating Allegheny hardwood forests, but the long-term impact of this silvicultural system on herbaceous vegetation has not been determined. From 1994 to 2004, we studied the impacts of operational herbicide site preparation using glyphosate plus sulfometuron methyl herbicides in the context of a shelterwood seed cut. Our study took place on 10 partially cut sites on the Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Half of each site received herbicide and half did not in a split-plot design with repeated measures. Fences were erected after year six because deer impact had increased. Resilience of individual species and the community were determined using measures of percent cover by species or species groups and indices of diversity and similarity comparing post-treatment to pre-treatment conditions and controls. In the short term, abundance of all species was reduced and there were four fewer species on average in treated areas. No species was eliminated by herbicide across all sites in the long term. Graminoids were more abundant on treated plots after year six. Targeted ferns remained less abundant on treated than control plots after 10 years. Species richness recovered within 4 years following treatment. Shannon Diversity and Shannon Evenness were greater in treated than in control plots over the full study period, but the differences were not significant in any single year. The richness-based Jaccard index of similarity did not differ between control and treatment plots after year two, while relative abundance influenced indices showed significant differences through year eight. Results suggest that herbaceous layer vegetation is resilient to the disturbance created by herbicide-shelterwood treatments.     

屋顶花园栽培基质中添加海泡石的效果研究初报

在屋顶花园条件下,以葱兰和佛甲草为实验材料,对它们的栽培基质中添加海泡石,通过与未加海泡石的实验作对照,发现,将适量海泡石加入屋顶花园的栽培基中,可明显改良植物的根际环境,提高土壤肥力,提高基质保水供水的能力,使植物生长旺盛,提高抗病能力。但大雨时,加入海泡石的基质,水分下渗慢,基质表层留水量及流水量增大,易冲走混合基质中的轻型材料部分,在坡面屋顶使用时,不宜加入过多。     

落花生,扁豆,黑大豆,绿豆和豇豆的生药学显微鉴定

本文记述了落花生、扁豆、黑大豆、绿豆、豇豆的显微特征,结果表明,5种药材的显微特征清楚,差异也比较明显。