黄粉虫防治药剂的筛选研究

黄粉虫为蔺草制品的重要仓储害虫之一,对其防治研究具有重要意义.本文采用点滴法测定了几种杀虫剂对黄粉虫4龄 幼虫的室内毒力.结果表明,澳氰菊酯对黄粉虫的毒力最高,其LC50值为9.23μg/mL;其次为甲基嘧啶磷,其LC50值为9.54μg/mL;进一步测定了溴氰菊酯与甲基嘧啶磷对试虫的混合毒力.结果表明,澳:甲(1:6)配比增效作用最明显,其CTC为137.5,LC50值为7.34μg/mL.因此,该配比值得进一步室内制剂加工研究以防治黄粉虫为害.     

气质联用检测蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留量研究

[目的]探讨采用气质联用检测蔬菜中菊酯类农药的残留量。[方法]以常见的4种蔬菜为材料,应用气相色谱/质谱联用方法,研究了色谱柱极性与扫描方式对测定蔬菜中5种菊酯类农药残留量的影响。[结果]使用较强极性的毛细管柱（如DB-17MS）可降低蔬菜中菊酯类农药的检出限。在确定每种菊酯类农药特征离子的基础上,采用选择离子监控扫描（SIM）,可显著降低蔬菜中菊酯类农药的检出限,4种蔬菜中5种菊酯类农药检出限范围在0.002 53～0.191 00 mg/kg。SIM扫描方式的检出限较全扫描方式降低了5.3～33.4倍。[结论]为提高采用GC/MS测定某些不稳定菊酯类农药的灵敏度提供了参考。     

野桑蚕对溴氰菊酯抗性品系的筛选

1材料与方法 1．1供试昆虫桑叶育筛选抗性品系的原始材料启东野桑蚕（YQD）和苏大桑园野桑蚕（YSD）分别于2004年10月采自江苏省启东市桑园和2006年4月采自苏州大学桑园,室内桑叶育参照文献[6]进行,见专利“野桑蚕的室内饲养方法”;人工饲料育筛选抗性品系的原始材料吴江野桑蚕（YWJ）,2004年10月采自江苏省吴江市桑园,室内人工饲料育参照文献[7]进行,见专利“一种饲育1龄野桑蚕的方法”。     

野桑蚕对溴氰菊酯抗性品系的筛选

[目的]通过溴氰菊酯对野桑蚕进行抗性品系的筛选,探明该药剂的抗药性发展情况,为科学施药和抗性治理提供依据。[方法]室内饲养繁殖来自3个不同地区的野桑蚕,点滴法测定其亲代对溴氰菊酯的敏感性。分别以半数致死量左右的剂量通过点滴法逐代处理其幼虫,统计幼虫死亡情况,建立毒力回归方程并计算抗药性倍数及其提高倍数。[结果]在桑叶育条件下,经3代室内筛选,启东野桑蚕（YQD）F4代抗药性倍数为14.26,较F0代提高了0.2倍;苏大桑园野桑蚕（YSD）F4代抗药性倍数为16.48,较F0代提高了0.9倍;在人工饲料条件下,经6代室内筛选,吴江野桑蚕（YWJ）F6代抗药性倍数为18.67,较F0代提高了0.2倍。[结论]相同剂量筛选下,YSD比YQD抗药性倍数提高快;YWJ在人工饲料饲育和杀虫剂筛选双重选择下,抗药性发展较慢。     

Resistance of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to endosulfan,organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in Pakistan

Field populations of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), from Pakistan were assessed for their resistance to the chlorinated hydrocarbon endosulfan, the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, and the pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin and fenpropathrin. Using a leaf-dip bioassay, resistance to endosulfan was high during 1998–2000 but declined to very low, to low levels during 2001–2007, following a reduced use of the insecticide. Organophosphates and pyrethroids were consistently used over the past three decades, and the resistance had been increasing to these insecticide classes. Generally, the resistance to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids remained low from 1998 to 2002–2003, but resistance increased to moderate to high levels from 2003–2004 to 2006–2007. For deltamethrin, resistance was very high during 2004–2007. Quinalphos resistance remained low during 1998–2006. Correlation analysis of LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values showed a positive correlation between organophosphates and pyrethroids, but no correlation between endosulfan and organophosphates or pyrethroids tested herein. These results suggest that the conventional chemistries should be replaced with new chemistries for the successful management of S. exigua.     

溴氰菊酯及代谢产物对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响

研究了溴氰菊酯及其代谢产物对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的溴氰菊酯对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响不同。当溴氰菊酯浓度较低(1、10μg/g)时,对过氧化氢酶活性的影响为先抑制后激活再恢复;当溴氰菊酯浓度较高(40、80μg/g)时,对过氧化氢酶活性的抑制作用明显,几乎没有激活;溴氰菊酯浓度越低,其对过氧化氢酶的激活作用越强;溴氰菊酯的代谢产物(水解和光解产物)对过氧化氢酶活性的影响小于溴氰菊酯原药。     

Action of deltamethrin on N-type (Cav2.2) voltage-sensitive calcium channels in rat brain

Isolated presynaptic nerve terminals prepared from whole rat brain were used to evaluate the action of deltamethrin on voltage-sensitive calcium channels by measuring calcium influx and endogenous glutamate release. Deltamethrin-enhanced K⁺-stimulated calcium influx and subsequent Ca²⁺-dependent glutamate release. The effect of deltamethrin was concentration-dependent, stereospecific, blocked by ω-conotoxin MVIIC but unaltered in the presence of tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels are a site of action at the presynaptic nerve terminal. Electrophysiological studies were carried out using rat brain Ca_v2.2 and β₃ subunits coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes to validate such action. Deltamethrin reduced barium peak current in a concentraion-dependent and stereospecific manner, increased the rate of activation, and prolonged the inactivation rate of this channel. These experiments support the conclusion that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel operation is altered by deltamethrin.     

Effects of deltamethrin on hematological parameters and enzymatic activity in Ancistrus multispinis (Pisces, Teleostei)

Deltamethrin (DM) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in Brazilian crops and in pest-control programs because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. It has been shown to exert a wide range of effects on non-targeted organisms including fishes. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of deltamethrin through the hematological and biochemical parameters using Ancistrus multispinis as animal model. First, blood of A. multispinis was collected by cardiac puncture in order to evaluate the basal values of the total cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit rates. A. multispinis showed low number leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin compared to other species. The intoxication with DM (0.1 or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹) induced leukocytosis and increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels 96 h after the injection when compared to vehicle-injected animals. The injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced a significant leukocytosis and increased the erythrocytes number 4 h after the injection. The combination of the higher dose of DM with LPS showed an additional effect in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes. The GST and EROD activities were also evaluated in the gills and liver, respectively, 96 h after intoxication with both doses of DM. The GST activity decreased after DM intoxication in both doses while EROD activity was not significantly different. These results suggest that A. multispinis is a valuable model for ecotoxicological studies. Also, DM can affect the metabolizing system (GST) and immunologic system of A. multispinis, a condition that can be worsened in the presence of inflammation or infection.     

筛选敏感昆虫检测拟除虫菊酯类农药残留*

 选取拟除虫菊酯类农药中有代表性农药,对长期室内饲养的家蝇、果蝇、马铃薯块茎蛾、米象及黄粉虫等进行毒力测定,筛选出相对敏感昆虫用于检测拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,并通过色谱法对其检测结果进行评价。结果显示:家蝇对拟除虫菊酯类最敏感(溴氰菊酯LC₅₀=0.08487μg/mL,氰戊菊酯LC₅₀=5.5602μg/mL),其检测灵敏度可与色谱相媲美。     

溴氰菊酯和灭铃皇防治油松毛虫的药效分析

溴氰菊酯的 5、1 0、1 5 ml/ kl和灭铃皇以 1 0 0、1 5 0、2 0 0 ml/ kl浓度 ,林间防治油松毛虫 ,药后 7天平均死亡率均为 1 0 0 %。用 L SR法检验 ,与对照药的差异显著性在 1 %水平上与功夫菊酯差异不显著 ;与敌敌畏和辛硫磷的差异显著性均极显著