油茶内生拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防效

为筛选出对油茶炭疽菌有拮抗效果的生防菌株，以油茶健康叶为对象，平板对峙法筛选，利用形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA基因和gyrA基因序列对菌株进行鉴定，测定其抑菌活性，并将该菌株与枯草芽胞杆菌Y13复配进行林间防效试验。结果表明，对油茶炭疽病菌拮抗作用效果较强的内生菌株为HBMC—B05；菌落为乳白色，不透明，边缘不整齐，中间有凸起；分子鉴定结果显示菌株HBMC—B05为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis，其对果生炭疽菌Collectotrichum fructicola，抑菌率可达到81.31%，对另外3种油茶炭疽病病原菌抑菌率可达到70%以上，对其他4种致病菌也有抑制作用；复合菌剂对油茶病害的田间防治效果达到59%以上。该菌株的抑菌具有广谱性，可为油茶病害的生物防治扩充菌种资源，具有广泛的应用前景。     

郴州市辣木引种表现及矮化栽培技术

作为当代一种新资源树种辣木,在营养、保健和医药领域有很高的应用价值,开发前景广阔。本文对郴州地区辣木的引种表现进行了总结,将育苗、定植、矮化栽培管理、采收利用等技术要点进行归纳,为辣木的进一步开发利用提供技术支撑。     

油茶丰产栽培技术

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种,具有适应力强、能够防火等特性。本文从选择良种壮苗、林地规划(林地选择、整地设计、密度设计)、定植、基础设施建设、松土除草及间作、病虫害防治等方面总结了油茶造林的丰产栽培技术,以期为油茶造林业主提供一定借鉴。     

Dietary Moringa oleferia leaf meal induce growth,innate immunity and cytokine expression in grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

The present research was designed to investigate the growth promoting and immunostimulating properties of Moringa oleferia leaf meal (MLM) in grass carp. Juvenile grass carp (22.03 g ± 1.164) were fed with diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg MLM for 48 days. At the end of feeding trial, skin mucus was used for analysis of lysozyme, protease, antiprotease and peroxidase activity. Head kidney was used for expression analysis of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐8 and interferon‐γ. The obtained results showed that fish fed with 100 and 150 g/kg MLM had significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate (p < .05). However, condition factor was not altered. The MLM (50 and 100 g/kg) inclusion resulted in higher mucus lysozyme and protease activity (p < .05), while peroxidase activity increased only in fish fed with 100 g/kg MLM and antiprotease activity was not altered. Expression of tnf‐α increased in a dose‐dependent manner, and significant (p < .05) increase was recorded in fish fed with 150 g/kg MLM. The expression of il‐8 and ifn‐γ increased in fish fed with 50 and 150 g/kg MLM; however, the increase was not significant (p > .05). In conclusion, supplementing juvenile grass carp feed with MLM up to 150 g/kg has growth promoting and immunostimulating effects.     

辣木种子苗繁育技术操作规程

种苗繁育是规范化种植的基础环节，为进一步规范辣木种苗繁育技术，于2013～2015年对辣木种苗繁育过程中的种子采收、种苗繁育、田间管理、采收运输及分级标准进行了总结，并制定了辣木种苗繁育技术操作规程(SOP)，以期为辣木标准化的种苗生产提供依据。     

北方设施条件下辣木及改良品种生长差异性分析

北方地区利用温室栽培辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)及其2个改良品种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,通过分析表观生长量、养分含量以及光合特性等指标的差异性,筛选适宜北方温室种植的辣木品种。结果表明:PKM1的高生长和增粗生长均显著快于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),在定干前(71 d)三者平均株高依次为115.7、80.2、81.0 cm,地径依次达17.47、13.27、15.08 mm。植株养分季节变化,PKM1养分状况要优于辣木和PKM2,在5月份,PKM1叶片中全氮(44.32 mg/g)、全钾(12.73 mg/g)含量显著高于其它2个品种(p0.05),全磷和可溶性糖含量品种间无显著性差异;7月份,PKM1可溶性糖显著高于其它2个品种;光合特性分析,3个品种在弱光条件下的光量子利用效率及光补偿能力差异不显著(p0.05),随着光强增加,光量子的转化能力出现显著性差异,PKM1的最大净光合速率(A_(max))显著高于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),最高达23.84μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)。可见,北方设施条件下,PKM1的生长速度、养分状况、光合能力均表现最好,较适宜北方温室栽培。     

基于茶籽壳代替木屑栽培茶树菇配方筛选试验

不同比例的茶籽壳和木屑组合成5个试验配方,比较不同配方对菌丝生长、子实体经济性状和生物转化率的影响。试验结果表明,在供试的5个配方中,配方4（棉籽壳50%、茶籽壳15%、木屑5%、麦麸20%、玉米粉7%、石膏1%、磷肥1%、石灰1%）为优选配方。     

融合光电色选的皮带筛式油茶果壳籽分选机设计与试验

针对油茶果批量脱壳后壳籽混杂、人力分选效率低的问题，研究设计了一种融合光电色选的皮带筛式油茶果壳籽分选机。根据油茶果壳、籽与倾斜传送带间摩擦角、碰撞系数的差异，设计振动皮带筛进行初分选；利用两者灰度差异，对壳中残留籽进行二次光电分选。对皮带筛上油茶果壳、籽进行运动学与动力学分析，发现皮带倾角、皮带速度和振动频率是影响振动初分选率的主要因素；以籽箱清洁率、壳中含籽率为试验指标，开展正交旋转组合试验。当皮带倾角为19°、皮带速度为1.50m/s、振动频率为55.40Hz时，其籽箱清洁率为95.52%、壳中含籽率为24.30%，对最优参数进行试验验证，优化结果可靠。对不同茶籽比率的物料进行光电分选试验，结果表明籽箱清洁率稳定在98.23%左右，壳中含籽率保持在2.34%左右，说明光电分选可准确识别并分选出混杂物料中的油茶籽。对整机进行最优参数试验验证，该机两籽箱茶籽平均清洁率可达97.55%，壳箱中含籽率为3.27%。试验结果表明，此油茶果壳籽分选机可实现油茶果壳、籽的高效分离。     

Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera and mulberry leaf affects pork quality from finishing pigs

Moringa oleifera and Morus alba leaves are nutritious non-traditional feed ingredients containing bioactive substances. This study was to evaluate the potential application of dietary Moringa and Morus leaf powder on the growth traits, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs. Moringa did not alter growth performance or carcass characteristics, but it decreased meat b* value, increased MyHCIIa and decreased MyHCIIx mRNA levels, and increased CP and concentrations of Ala, Thr, Ile, Lys and Pro in longissimus thoracis. Morus increased final BW, ADFI and ADG, decreased F/G ratio, improved slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass yield and meat a* value, and decreased shear force, drip loss, MyHCIIx and MyHCIIb mRNA levels, and increased MyHCI and MyHCIIa mRNA levels. Morus also increased CP, Glu, Gly, Ala, Arg, Ile, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tyr and Asp, and C16:1, C18:1n9c, C20:4n6, C18:3n3, C20:3n3, C22:1n9 and n-3 PUFA, but decreased C12:0 and C16:0. In summary, Morus improved the parameters and held great potential as an unconventional feed crop.     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.