北方设施条件下辣木及改良品种生长差异性分析

北方地区利用温室栽培辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)及其2个改良品种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,通过分析表观生长量、养分含量以及光合特性等指标的差异性,筛选适宜北方温室种植的辣木品种。结果表明:PKM1的高生长和增粗生长均显著快于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),在定干前(71 d)三者平均株高依次为115.7、80.2、81.0 cm,地径依次达17.47、13.27、15.08 mm。植株养分季节变化,PKM1养分状况要优于辣木和PKM2,在5月份,PKM1叶片中全氮(44.32 mg/g)、全钾(12.73 mg/g)含量显著高于其它2个品种(p0.05),全磷和可溶性糖含量品种间无显著性差异;7月份,PKM1可溶性糖显著高于其它2个品种;光合特性分析,3个品种在弱光条件下的光量子利用效率及光补偿能力差异不显著(p0.05),随着光强增加,光量子的转化能力出现显著性差异,PKM1的最大净光合速率(A_(max))显著高于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),最高达23.84μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)。可见,北方设施条件下,PKM1的生长速度、养分状况、光合能力均表现最好,较适宜北方温室栽培。

The Growth Difference of Moringa Oleifera and Its Improved Varieties Under Facilities in North China

Moringa oleifera Lam., PKM1 and PKM2 were planted in the greenhouse. In order to select suitable varieties for growing in the north of China, some characteristics which including the seedling growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis were analyzed. The results showed that PKM1 was significantly faster than Moringa oleifera and PKM2 (p<0.05) on plant height growth and ground diameter growth. In 71 days, the plant average height of the three varieties was 115.7, 80.2, 81.0 cm and the ground diameter was 17.47, 13.27, 15.08 mm, respectively. During the growth season, the nutrient status of PKM1 was better than that of M. oleifera and PKM2. In May, the contents of nitrogen (44.32 mg/g) and potassium (12.73 mg/g) in the leaves of PKM1 were significantly higher than thato of PKM2 and Moringa oleifera, while there were no significant difference on the contents of phosphorus and soluble sugar among PKM1, Moringa oleifera and PKM2; In July, the soluble sugar content of PKM1 was significantly higher than that of the others. On the photosynthetic characteristics, the three varieties had no significant difference on quantum efficiency and light compensation ability under weak light. But with increasing of light intensity, the quantum efficiency had significant difference. PKM1 was significantly higher than M. oleifera and PKM2 in the maximum photosynthetic rate, which was up to 23.84μmol CO2/(m2·s). So PKM1 was the best species in growth and development potential among the investigated plants, and It was suitable for planting under conditions facility in North China.