DEGDA／HPA厌氧胶配方的优化试验

本文介绍了以一缩二乙二醇丙烯酸双酯(简称一缩双酯,DEGDA)和丙烯酸β-羟丙酯(简称羟丙酯,HPA)为单体,以N,N-二甲基苯胺/糖精为促进剂/助促进剂或仅用三氯乙酸作促进剂来配制厌氧胶粘剂(厌氧胶)的优化配方试验.所得厌氧胶综合性能良好,通过优化试验结果得知的规律性认识有一定意义.     

低聚糖对雏鸡大肠粪便NH3-N含量及肠道菌群的影响

试验选取1日龄罗曼蛋公雏250只，随机分为5组，试验组饲料或饮水中分别添加海藻糖(500mg／kg)、海藻胶(600mg／kg)、大豆寡糖(500mg／kg)、圆葱寡糖(500mg/d)。结果表明，四种低聚糖均可促进肠道乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的生长繁殖，对魏氏梭菌的生长呈现抑制作用。海藻糖、海藻胶对降低大肠粪便NH3—N含量效果不显著(P＞0．05)，而大豆寡糖效果显著(P＜0．05)，圆葱寡糖效果极显著(P＜0.01)。     

生化处理对玉米秸颗粒饲料营养价值的影响研究

以玉米秸秆为主要原料，通过添加不同比例的化学处理剂和营养强化剂，调制出5种玉米秸颗粒。对照组由玉米秸添加2％膨润土调制而成；试验组分别为：添加化学处理剂(石灰 尿素，以玉米秸DM计)4 0％(处理Ⅰ)、0 4％(处理Ⅱ)、2 2％(处理Ⅲ)和2 2％(处理Ⅳ)，同时在处理Ⅳ中再添加4％营养强化剂。采用Menke的人工瘤胃产气法评定不同玉米秸处理的体外消化率和营养价值。结果表明，处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的粗蛋白质含量明显高于处理Ⅰ和对照；处理Ⅰ、Ⅳ的NDF含量比对照分别降低了7、12％；各处理的ADF含量均比对照组明显降低，并以处理Ⅳ的下降幅度最大，达31．1％。各处理的体外产气量和产气速度均高于对照组，其中以处理Ⅳ的产气速度最快，其快速产气量(a)略高于对照，b的产气速度常数c比对照提高19．3％。相应地，处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的估测有机物消化率(OMD)均比对照有明显提高，其中处理Ⅳ的OMD最高，其次为处理Ⅱ，分别比对照(46％)提高19、13％，但处理Ⅰ无明显效应。表明用4％尿素处理可以明显改善玉米秸处理的化学组成和有机物质消化率，其效果优于2％石灰 2％尿素或单纯石灰处理，若将化学处理与营养强化剂结合使用，则可获得更好的处理效果。     

垃圾浸出液厌氧处理研究

本研究采用厌氧—好氧生物氧化的工艺技术,自行设计和制造了一套有机玻璃为材料的模拟装置,对垃圾浸出液进行处理研究。经试验结果表明,利用本设计装置处理后的污水,可运到国家农田灌溉的污水排放指标并基本达到国家三类废水的排放指标。该成果已通过市级专家鉴定,并将应用于垃圾场淤出污水的处理工程。     

不同月龄生长公牛日粮营养物质消化规律的研究

本试验选用3头6月龄左右断奶中国荷斯坦公牛,在试验全程喂以相对稳定的日粮,从2003年11月1日开始,到2004年6月20日结束,用以测定中国荷斯坦生长公牛在不同生长期对饲粮中各营养成分的代谢情况。试验结果表明:日粮中的DM、OM、NDF、ADF、淀粉和粗蛋白质的表观消化率随着生长犊牛的月龄的增加而增加(P<0.05);并且9月龄以后,DM、OM、NDF、ADF和粗蛋白质的表观消化率增长不明显(P>0.05),淀粉的表观消化率则在11月龄以后增长不明显(P>0.05)。氮的净吸收率随着生长犊牛的月龄的增加而下降(P<0.05),且在9月龄以后下降不明显(P>0.05)。     

乳猪体内糖类的消化和吸收研究

乳猪小肠内葡萄糖的分布状况既与饲料的碳水化合物种类和数量相关，也与小肠的不同部位相关，十二指肠段和空肠段分别是乳糖、淀粉类碳水化合物分解和葡萄糖吸收的主要部位血糖浓度离肝脏越远含量越低，而与饲料中糖类含量的多少无关。     

4种日粮条件下30～150日龄羔羊瘤胃消化代谢功能的变化

将16只30日龄体重约6～10kg装有瘤胃瘘管的罗姆尼与新疆美利奴羊杂交公羔分为4组，分别喂以不同消化能（DE，MJ／kg）和蛋白质（CP，％）水平的日粮（DE／CP：11．91／20、11．91／14、8．15／20和8．15／14），以15d为一研究时间段，每时间段的第9、10和11天在第一次喂料后的第0、1、3、6和9h采取瘤胃液样品，以研究30～150日龄期间羔羊瘤胃消化代谢的变化规律。结果表明，羔羊瘤胃液pH、氨态氮、丙酸、乙＋丙＋丁酸浓度随日龄而不断升高，在100日龄时趋于稳定，并且受日粮营养水平的影响。乙酸浓度的变化虽也受日龄和日粮营养水平的影响，但相对较小。羔羊瘤胃液体积在120日内几乎增加了15倍，并且也受日粮营养水平的影响。研究表明瘤胃消化代谢的发育是渐进性的，在100日龄时各项指标均趋于稳定，并且瘤胃液体积的增大对于瘤胃消化代谢能力的发育起着首要的作用。     

Evaluation of three popular diets fed to pet sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps): Intake,digestion and nutrient balance

Three diets fed to 12 pair‐housed sugar gliders, Petaurus breviceps, were evaluated through 5‐day intake and digestion trials following 10‐day transitions. Diets 1 and 2 comprised liquid formula mixes with added vegetables and fruit, and Diet 3 comprised extruded pellets and a liquid formula. Diets eaten contained 16 —19% crude protein, 3%–15% crude fat, 10%–11% neutral detergent fibre, 4%–20% starch and 8%–49% sugar (dry basis). Calculated individual dry matter intakes (DMI) ranged from 3.9 to 5.1 g/day, representing 58.2–78.4 kJ/day. DMI was greater for Diet 2 (7.2% BW) vs. Diet 1 (5.6; p = .006) and Diet 3 (4.2% BW; p = .003). Although these differences were no longer detectable on a MBW basis, animals were shown to have gained BW (+14.2 g; p = .03) on Diet 2. In addition to nutrient composition differing widely among diets, DM digestibility (DMD) was higher in Diet 1 (91.2%) compared to Diet 2 (87.3%; p = .03), but DMD for Diet 3 (88.9%) did not differ from other diets. Gliders demonstrated ability to digest a variety of energy substrates, including simple sugars (96%–99%), fats (81%–96%) and starches (79%–98%), as well as substantial insoluble dietary fibre (58%–75%), with significant difference among diets demonstrated for some nutrients. Animals displayed selective feeding behaviours, rejecting insoluble fibre in produce and preferring the lipid‐coated exterior of pellets. The diets used appeared to be balanced with respect to energy, protein and macromineral content, but may predispose to iron excess, other mineral imbalances (especially Ca deficiency) and obesity—clinical health issues described for pet gliders. Future focus on concentrations, types and utilization of dietary fibre in natural and captive diets, vitamin D metabolism and trace mineral interactions in sugar gliders would assist diet optimization for this highly gummivorous species.     

Effect of Lysine Supplement on the Digestion and Metabolism of the Rumen in Small-tail Han Sheep

5 male Small-tail Han sheep with the body weight of 45 kg at 1.5 years old,fitted with permanent rumen fistula,to study of the effect of the supplement of the untreated commercial lysine on the rumen microbiocoenosis,rumen metabolism and whole body metabolism by 5×5 Latin square design (5 groups:control,control with low urea (equal nitrogen),low lysine,control with high urea (equal nitrogen),high lysine).The amounts of lysine-HCl supplement were 0,4.0 and 8.0 g/kg diet (as DM basis) in each group respectively,with two urea supplement control groups of equal amount of nitrogen.The results showed that by supplement of 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg of lysine-HCl diet (as DM basis) respectively,the voluntary intake of dry matter of sheep were increased by 5.5%(P>0.05) and 11.8%(P<0.05) respectively.The total amount of rumen bacteria were increased by 18.9%(P<0.01) and 23.9%(P<0.01) respectively,as the amount of rumen Coccus was increased by 21.2%(P<0.01) and 30.1%(P<0.01) respectively.The amount of rumen big Bacillus was decreased by 16.7%(P<0.05) and 33.3%(P<0.01) respectively.The total VFA of was increased by 9.6%(P<0.05) and 12.2%(P<0.01) respectively,as the butyric acid was increased by 12.8%(P>0.05) and 20.2%(P<0.01) respectively.The apparent digestibility of organic matter was increased by 6.4%(P>0.05) and 10.0%(P<0.05) respectively,the apparent digestibility of crude protein was increased by 7.0%(P>0.05) and 18.3%(P<0.01) respectively;And nitrogen retention was increased by 46.4%(P>0.05) and 110.7%(P<0.01) respectively.However,there was no effect of lysine supplement on the amounts of the rumen protozoa and fungi,and the concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen.It was concluded that the supplement of untreated commercial lysine to adult sheep would increase the voluntary intake,digestibility,nitrogen retention the rumen microbiocoenosis and the total amount of rumen bacteria,especially the rumen Coccus of adult sheep.The effect of lysine supplement could not be replaced by urea supplement completely.     

ICP-AES法测定黄山名茶中的多种微量元素

用 IRIS Intrepid II XSP ICP全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪，对黄山名茶中 Se、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素进行了测定，通过试验，选择了仪器的最佳分析条件。方法简便快速，精密度和准确度均符合要求。该方法用于实际茶叶样品分析，结果令人满意。