野生金头闭壳龟的资源现状调查

笔者于2001-2004年对金头闭壳龟(Cuoraaurocapitata)的野生种群的分布、数量及相关生态学进行了专项调查。结果表明,金头闭壳龟目前仅分布于青弋江源头和上游即北纬30°-30°52′的少数支流中,具体为安徽省泾县的古坝、蔡村和孤峰三地的山涧溪流以及黟县红星乡的清溪河流域。野外种群数量十分稀少,目前已不足400只。金头闭壳龟主要栖息在水质清澈、两侧植被茂密或一侧山脚多石缝的山涧溪流中。经对曾经发现过金头闭壳龟典型地带的各种生态指标的测量表明,泾县古坝乡沈村上沈村段的古坝河段的以及蔡村乡的东园至爱民段的丁溪河段,相比而言仍不失为金头闭壳龟较为理想的栖息地。     

半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

试验研究了半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取750只健康、活泼的中华鳖,平均体重(220±10)g,分成5个组,每个组设3个重复,每个重复50只。对照组基础日粮中不添加半胱胺,其余各组为试验组,半胱胺添加方式及添加量如下:试验Ⅰ组断续添加(每6天添加一次,6000mg/kg);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组分别每天连续添加500、1000和1500mg/kg。试验期90d。试验结果表明:半胱胺能够提高中华鳖成活率、增重率、摄食率和饲料效率,且连续添加效果好于断续添加,当半胱胺含量达到1000mg/kg时,中华鳖增重率、摄食率和饲料效率达到最高(P<0.05);半胱胺使中华鳖血清胃泌素水平升高,血清生长抑素水平降低;1000mg/kg半胱胺可以显著提高中华鳖肌肉RNA/DNA比率(P<0.05);半胱胺还可以增强中华鳖血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,但不同添加方式及剂量之间无显著性差异,血清溶菌酶含量在500mg/kg半胱胺添加组最高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,半胱胺对中华鳖具有促进生长、增强免疫的作用,是一种良好的生物添加剂,且其适宜添加量为每天连续添加1000mg/kg。     

温室甲鱼养殖生石灰的合理使用

生石灰是水产养殖的一种常规药物,非常普遍的用在水质消毒,疾病防治中,许多水产养殖用户也把生石灰作为一种常用的水质改良剂,但在甲鱼的养殖中,要根据情况酌情使用,否则,会出现pH值过高从而导致有毒气体的产生,造成甲鱼中毒的病况。本文介绍了温室甲鱼养殖中生石灰使用不当引起的病况,并提出了相应解救措施。实验中采用了生石灰日常消毒常用的浓度和间隔日期,伴随着pH值与氨氮的浓度升高,甲鱼出现了死亡现象,在解除了生石灰的使用后,甲鱼停止了死亡现象。     

温室无沙养鳖工艺的初步研究

温室无沙养鳖法是对传统的有沙养鳖进行重大改革，其主要特点是能克服底质和池水极易污染的问题，从而改善栖息环境，提高放养密度。“人工鳖巢”是一种较理想的栖息隐蔽物，有它替代河沙，排污比较彻底，洗池省工省时。试验证明，无沙养鳖法具有高产、优质、低成本，以及观察检查，饲养管理和干池捕鳖均很方便等优点。这种新工艺对稚鳖和幼鳖都适用，但它是一项综合性的养殖技术，除用“人工鳖巢”替代河沙作鳖的栖息隐蔽物外，在饲     

甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌病灭活菌苗的研究

利用嗜水气单胞菌研制了甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌病灭活菌苗,每只甲鱼肌肉注射1.0毫升,14天后产生免疫力,40MLD攻毒100%(15/15)得到保护,免疫期达9个月,4℃保存至少3个月效力不减。现场应用保护率达98%(98/100),无任何副作用及不良反应。     

光合细菌(PSB)和翻富(FAMP)在温室无沙养鳖中的应用研究

一般的温室养鳖存在着鳖池底质和水质容易污染的问题，净化处理费工耗能；无沙养鳖新工艺可以妥善解决这一难题。本试验通过四个处理组──有沙、无沙、无沙＋ＰＳＢ、无沙＋ＦＡＭＰ──进行对比，显示出无沙养鳖法具有节能、低耗、高产、优质等特点。光合细菌（ＰＳＢ）对改善水质，提高鳖的产量有一定作用，但在较好的水质环境条件下其作用不明显。翻富（ＦＡＭＰ）为新型饲料添加剂及水质改良剂，在本次试验中增产效果亦不明显。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E level on growth and tissue lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann)

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth, liver lipid peroxidation and liver and muscle vitamin E level of soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Eight experimental diets analysed to contain 0–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 were fed to juvenile soft‐shelled turtle of 4.8 g initial body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of the turtles fed the diet containing no vitamin E was significantly lower than those fed diets containing 83–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio showed similar trends to that of WG. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in whole‐body composition among turtles fed the different diets. Dietary vitamin E requirement using WG as the response and estimated using the broken‐line regression model is approximately 88 IU kg^?1. Liver and muscle vitamin E content increased when dietary vitamin E level increased. Ascorbate‐induced lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of turtles fed diets containing 0 and 17 IU vitamin E kg^?1 was significantly (P<0.05) greater than those fed diets containing high vitamin E (≥35 IU kg^?1).     

Vegetation and sand characteristics influencing nesting activity of Caretta caretta on Sekania beach

Despite its relatively small length (650 m), Sekania beach on Zakynthos island (Ionian sea) is the single most important Caretta caretta L. nesting beach in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work was to tackle the possible relationships of sand and vegetation characteristics with the nesting activity of sea turtle C. caretta. The vegetation structure and distribution along the sandy beach was studied with the use of line transect method. Grouping of plant species was revealed through an ordination method. Plant groups were distinguished and mapped. Sand texture, pH, and organic matter were measured on the transects. Nesting activity was also mapped on the beach and hatching success was recorded. It was concluded that where sand salinity is high enough to prevent vegetation development, wet sand is located at a threshold depth for excavating an egg chamber. It seems that well-sorted sand grains favor nesting activity on the beach. The increase of fine sand - from east to west - is proportional with the reduction of nesting density. The data collected for this study are organized in a GIS database, which could be the basis for the establishment of an integrated monitoring system for Sekania beach.     

中华鳖温和气单胞菌病对其免疫功能的影响

从红细胞C3b受体花环率、红细胞免疫复合物花环率、红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环率、T淋巴细胞活性E花环率及白细胞吞噬活性五方面,比较了患病鳖和健康鳖在免疫功能上的差异。结果表明,在红细胞C3b受体花环率、T淋巴细胞活性E花环率及白细胞吞噬活性方面,患病鳖极显著地低于健康鳖(t<0.01);在红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤花环率上,患病鳖显著低于健康鳖(t<0.05);而在红细胞免疫复合物花环率方面,患病鳖极显著地高于健康鳖(t<0.01)。综上可知,由于受到病原的侵袭,患病鳖的免疫功能明显下降。