甲状腺激素与山羊绒生长关系的研究

为探讨甲状腺激素对羊绒生长的影响,挑选12只(平均(15±1.5)月龄、平均活重(33.14±2.29)kg)内蒙古白绒山羊半同胞羯羊,随机分为2组。用外源褪黑激素(MT)调控羊绒生长,通过皮肤组织中脱碘酶(MD)活性变化,研究皮肤组织中甲状腺激素(T3、T4)与绒毛生长的关系。结果表明:1)埋植MT使绒纤维生长率增加(P<0.05),而对粗毛生长率没有影响(P>0.05);2)绒纤维生长率与血浆MT质量浓度有关(P<0.01),而与血浆T3和T4质量浓度无关(P>0.05);3)绒纤维生长率与皮肤组织中Ⅱ型脱碘酶(MDⅡ)活性呈正相关关系(P<0.05),而与Ⅲ型脱碘酶(MDⅢ)无相关关系(P>0.05)。分析试验结果显示,绒纤维在萌发、生长过程中需要更多的三碘甲腺原酸(T3),说明皮肤组织中甲状腺激素(尤其T3)在绒山羊绒纤维萌发和生长过程中具有重要生理意义。     

圈养大熊猫营养不良综合征研究

通过血液生化检测、病理组织学、临床表现等综合分析4只大熊猫的资料,认为消化吸收障碍是引起大熊猫营养不良综合征的原因;1.5岁之前是大熊猫饲养管理的关键时期;频繁排黏液、生长发育与食物转换不协调、致病菌的作用、过敏物质的刺激等均可引起消化道疾病,严重的消化道疾病引起消化吸收障碍,导致营养吸收和消耗负平衡;为适应营养不足,机体减少甲状腺素分泌,表现出低甲状腺素（低T3）综合征;营养不良严重时可导致动物衰竭死亡;通过早期预防,改善发育过程中的精饲料和粗饲料的饲喂方式,可以减少疾病发生。及时治疗,防止出现慢性过程,必要时使用甲状腺素、强的松调整等综合措施,患病动物有望好转。     

Effect of Dietary Protein Level,Stocking Density,and Dietary Pantothenic Acid Supplementation Rate on Performance and Blood Components of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Protein in the diet (25 Vs 31%), stocking rate (100 Vs 200 fish per m³), and inclusion rate of pantothenic acid, vitamin B5, (10 Vs 20 mg/kg diet) were compared for their effects on blood plasma protein, albumin, urea-N, creatinine, plasma transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), thyroxin (T₃), and growth in Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, T₃, and growth were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in fish groups fed the high protein diet, while urea-N concentration in blood was significantly (P < 0.001) lower. Final body weight and daily weight gain were lower and food conversion rate was higher at the higher stocking density. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, and T₃ were lower in fish groups reared at high stocking density. Body weight and daily gain was significantly higher at the higher pantothenic acid inclusion level, while feed conversion ratio was lower. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, and T₃ were also elevated. The highest income to the system was from the group fed high protein, reared at low stocking density and fed diets supplemented with 10 mg vitamin B5.     

六溴环十二烷短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼甲状腺激素T3和T4含量的影响

为研究六溴环十二烷(HBCD)短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷的甲状腺素干扰效应及相关机理,实验室条件下分别将红鳍笛鲷幼鱼暴露于3个不同浓度的HBCD(8.6、43.0、215μg·L-1)溶液中24、48、96 h后,以肝脏和脑组织中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量及T3/T4比值为生物标志物,评价HBCD短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷肝、脑组织甲状腺功能的影响。结果表明,HBCD对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼肝、脑组织甲状腺具有明显的干扰作用,且8.6、43.0μg·L-1浓度暴露下对T3、T4含量以诱导作用为主,215μg·L-1浓度暴露下短时间内表现为极显著的诱导作用(P0.01),随暴露时间延长则表现为极显著的抑制作用(P0.01)。此外,HBCD暴露过程中,肝组织T3/T4比值均极显著低于对照组(P0.01),且呈明显的时间-效应和剂量-效应关系;脑组织T3/T4比值则随暴露浓度和暴露时间呈现较大差异,主要表现为短时间暴露T3/T4比值高于对照组、长时间暴露T3/T4比值低于对照组。研究表明,红鳍笛鲷肝脏和脑组织甲状腺素T3、T4含量及T3/T4比值对实验室3种浓度的HBCD胁迫均具有足够的灵敏度,在一定程度上可为环境中甲状腺激素干扰物的筛选和生态风险评价提供重要的科学依据。     

Thyroid hormone concentrations in the gonads of wild chum salmon during maturation

Changes in gonadal and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were examined at various stages of maturation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught in the Bering Sea and the Bay of Alaska. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T₄) were less than 5 ng ml⁻¹, and those of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyroxine (T₃) were less than 2 ng ml⁻¹ I in both males and females, regardless of the degree of sexual maturity or the gonadosomatic index (GSI). There was no clear relationships between circulating thyroid hormone levels and tissue levels. The ovarian T₄ concentrations were undetectable (less than 0.2 ng g⁻¹) or less than 2 ng g⁻¹ when GSI was lower than 1%, but increased thereafter and reached a plateau of 8–10 ng g⁻¹ when GSI became 2%. The ovarian T₃ concentrations were about 5 ng g⁻¹ when GSI was 1%, increased to a maximum level (20 ng g⁻¹) when GSI was about 2%, and decreased to a constant level of 10 ng g⁻¹ thereafter. The T₄ and T₃ content in single oocyte increased proportionally to the oocyte volume, indicating a constant incorporation of the hormones into the oocyte. The T₄ concentrations in the testis were 1 ng g⁻¹ or less regardless of the GS1. On the other hand, the T₃ concentrations were highest (15 ng g⁻¹) when the GSI was less than 1%, decreased thereafter when spermatocytes appeared in the testis, and became about 5 ng g⁻¹ I in testes containing spermatozoa, raising the possibility of a role for T₃ during early gamete and/or gonad maturation of testes.