氮磷硫共掺杂生物质基多孔炭的制备及其电化学性能

为了提升农林废弃物在储能领域的高附加值利用，该研究以杉木屑为原料，磷酸三聚氰胺为磷、氮源，基于冷冻NaOH/硫脲体系溶解木质原料中纤维素，通过一步热解制备氮、磷、硫共掺杂多孔炭，并考察活化温度、NaOH/杉木屑质量比和冷冻条件对多孔炭结构及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS， X-ray photoelectron spectroscop ）和比表面积分析仪（BET，Brunauer-Emmett-Teller）研究多孔炭的表面结构和孔隙结构；采用循环伏安（CV，cyclic voltammetry）、恒流充放电（GCD，galvanostatic charge/discharge）和交流阻抗（EIS，electrochemical impedance spectroscopy）等测试手段表征其电化学性能。研究结果表明：随着活化温度和NaOH/杉木屑质量比的增加，多孔炭的表面积、全孔孔容和比电容呈现先增加后减小的趋势；冷冻条件和磷酸三聚氰胺的加入可以增加多孔炭的比表面积和全孔孔容，提升电化学性能。当活化温度900 ℃，NaOH/杉木屑质量比为1.2时，制备的氮、磷、硫共掺杂多孔炭的比表面积为2 048 m²/g，全孔孔容为1.655 cm³/g，介孔率为99.7%，氮、磷、硫的含量为3.41%、0.29%、1.40%。三电极体系下、6 mol/L KOH电解液中，当电流密度0.5 A/g时，比电容可达261 F/g。用NPS-900-1.2组装的对称超级电容器5 A/g电流密度条件下，比电容值为108 F/g，循环5 000次后库伦效率接近100%，电容保持率为92%。对称的超级电容器功率密度为248 W/kg时，能量密度可达17.2 Wh/kg。该研究为农林废弃物制备高性能超级电容器提供了参考依据。     

Stimulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by triiodothyronine in the brain of Singi fish,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Three consecutive days of injections of triiodothyronine (T₃)(0.038, 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles/g) significantly elevated the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain of Singi fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The higher doses of 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles of T₃/g induced a greater increase in enzyme activity than 0.038 nmoles/g. A T₃ dose of 0.019 nmoles/g was found to be ineffective. The T₃ action on AchE activity was blocked by cycloheximide. Thiourea treatment for 30 days decreased the AchE activity below the control level. This reduced level of the enzyme activity was brought back even above the control level by T₃ injections. It is, therefore, suggested that thyroid hormone is involved in the sustenance of AchE activity in fish brain.     

Effects of thyroxine and thiourea on the metamorphosis of coral trout grouper Plectropomus leopardus

The contribution of the thyroid hormone to the metamorphosis of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus was examined. Juveniles, aged 35 days, were exposed to thyroxine (T4, 0.1 p.p.m) and thiourea (TU; inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, 30 p.p.m) for 13 days. All the fish in the T4-treated group had completed metamorphosis (second metamorphosis, pigmentation and resorption of fin spines) within three days after the beginning of the experiment (day 3), whereas it took 13 days for this to occur in the control fish. Moreover, the fish in the TU group had not completed metamorphosis even by day 13. Settling behavior was significantly stimulated by T4 treatment, as was the resorption of the dorsal and pelvic fin spines, the reduction of serration on the spines, and the transition of body color into an opaque reddish hue. Fish in the TU group had longer dorsal and pelvic spines, retarded pigmentation and an abnormal black coloration. These results suggest that thyroid hormone accelerates most changes during the second metamorphosis in the coral trout.     

N-[5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N''- 芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

为了寻找新的高生物活性农药,通过2-氨基-5-(1-邻氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中2c、2d具有较好的生长素活性,其生长促进率分别为26.9%和27.2%.     

N-｛5-[1-(2,4-二氯苯氧)乙基]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基｝ -N''-芳酰基硫脲的合成及其生物活性

通过2-氨基-5- -1,3,4-噻二唑与芳酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了12 个新的芳酰基硫脲,采用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析确证了它们的结构。初步的生物活性测定试验表明,部分化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中化合物 2c、2j 具有较好的生长素活性,其促进率分别为26.6%与26.9%,但不及对照β-吲哚乙酸。     

N-[5-（1-邻氯苯氧乙基）-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N′-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

为了寻找新的高生物活性农药,通过2-氨基-5-（1-邻氯苯氧乙基）-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中2c、2d具有较好的生长素活性,其生长促进率分别为26.9%和27.2%.     

植物外源抗氧化剂硫脲基肉桂酰基硫脲衍生物的合成

[目的]合成植物外源抗氧化剂取代硫脲基肉桂酰基硫脲衍生物。[方法]以肉桂酸为原料,通过酰氯化、置换和加成反应,得到5个相应的取代硫脲基肉桂酰基硫脲衍生物,经红外(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)和元素分析(EA)确认了新化合物的结构。以维生素C(V_C)为对照,测定了这些新化合物体外清除超氧自由基(O_2~-·)、羟自由基(·OH)和2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的活性及总还原能力。[结果]在测定浓度下,这些化合物均具有抗氧化活性,其中N-对氯苯硫脲基-N'-肉桂酰基硫脲(1c)对DPPH·的清除活性强于V_C。[结论]N-对氯苯硫脲基-N'-肉桂酰基硫脲(1c)具有较强的抗氧化性,作为外源抗氧化剂有望应用于植物氧化胁迫的保护中。     

DIFFERENTIAL TRANSLOCATION OF 59IRON IN IRON SUFFICIENT AND DEFICIENT SORGHUM PLANTS

Radioactively labeled iron (⁵⁹Fe) was used to study differential uptake in sorghum plants in the recovery stage of chlorosis. Radio-labeled ⁵⁹Fe was supplied through root feeding in nutrient solution experiment (48 hrs, pH 6.2) to non-chlorotic and chlorotic plants. Chlorotic plants were further treated with foliar spray [ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), FeSO₄ + thiourea (TU), FeSO₄ + citric acid (CA), FeSO₄ + thioglycollic acid (TGA)] to study the uptake of radio-labeled ⁵⁹Fe through root feeding during recovery process of chlorosis. Under iron deficiency, the differential uptake of ⁵⁹Fe was markedly increased in leaves and stem of chlorotic control (-Fe) sorghum plants as compared to non-chlorotic control (+Fe) and foliar sprayed (FeSO₄, FeSO₄ + TU, FeSO₄ + CA, and FeSO₄ + TGA) plants. The lowest uptake of ⁵⁹Fe was observed in younger leaves (24.33 nmol, g^?1 fresh weight h^?1) and stem (1.98 nmol, g^?1 fresh weight h^?1) of non-chlorotic control followed by foliar sprayed plants in comparison to chlorotic control, respectively. Similarly less ⁵⁹Fe uptake was observed in the older leaves of FeSO₄ + CA sprayed (21.70 nmol, g^?1 fresh weight h^?1) plants in comparison to chlorotic control (35.60 nmol, g^?1 fresh weight h^?1). The highest differential ⁵⁹Fe uptake through nutrient medium was in the roots of plants, which were foliar sprayed with FeSO₄ along with TU. The role of iron alone and along with citric acid and thiol compounds is discussed in recovery of chlorosis.     

硫脲对花生苗期的毒理效应研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了硝化抑制剂硫脲对花生的生物量、叶片金属离子含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明,在低浓度硫脲范围内,其对花生的生长有明显的促进作用,叶片叶绿素含量较高,3种酶的活性随硫脲浓度的增加而升高,体内MDA含量随硫脲浓度的增加而降低;但当硫脲浓度达到5．0mmol·kg^-1。土时,对植株和根系的生长产生了明显的抑制作用,叶片叶绿素含量明显降低,3种酶的活性明显降低,体内MDA的含量显著增加,表明此时硫脲对花生产生了明显的胁迫和毒害作用。     

槲皮素和硫脲对野桑蚕多酚氧化酶的抑制类型

多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)在昆虫的变态发育和免疫防御中起着非常重要的作用,为开发以该酶为靶标的新型害虫抑制剂提供理论依据,以野桑蚕(Bombyx mandarina)五龄幼虫为材料提取多酚氧化酶,探讨了槲皮素和硫脲对该酶的抑制作用。结果表明,这两种抑制剂分别属于竞争性和非竞争性抑制剂。