山东近海口虾蛄单位补充量渔获量评估

为完善口虾蛄的基础生物学资料,并为口虾蛄资源的管理提供科学指导和理论依据,本研究根据2016至2017年山东近海渔业资源底拖网调查获得的口虾蛄体长、体质量数据,估算了口虾蛄的生长、死亡参数,构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)模型,研究口虾蛄的资源动态和管理策略。采集调查口虾蛄样品共5028尾,体长—体质量关系的表达式为W=0.0145L2.88,为负异速生长;使用ELEFAN方法估算出口虾蛄的渐进体长L∞为19.87 cm,生长速率K为0.62 a−1。口虾蛄的生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律,生长参数的季节振幅C为0.76,10月份生长最快,4月份生长最慢。通过体长转换的渔获曲线估算出口虾蛄的总死亡系数Z为3.24 a−1,根据不同方法估算自然死亡系数M的范围为0.75~1.27 a−1,捕捞死亡系数F的估算范围为1.96~2.49 a−1,开发率的均值为0.67。YPR模型结果显示,随着F增大,YPR值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的值分别为0.92a−1和1.88a−1。口虾蛄资源处于过度开发的状态,应降低捕捞压力,同时调整开捕体长,以维持口虾蛄渔业资源量和渔获量。     

Expression and functional analysis of the Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) gene in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle

Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is a regulator of cellular apoptosis and was previously identified via RNA-Seq to be associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism underlying the FSTL3 regulation of oestrus in sheep remained poorly understood. In this study, the oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in blood were detected, and the expression level and functional analysis of FSTL3 in the ovary were studied during the different reproductive stage in Aohan fine wool sheep (seasonal breeding breed in China). The concentrations of E2 and P4 at the anestrus were significantly lower compared to dioestrus, proestrus and oestrus stages. Higher expression levels of FSTL3 were observed in the sheep ovary, hypothalamus, and thyroid. During different reproductive stages, higher expression levels were found during the stages of dioestrus and proestrus, while lower levels were found during the oestrus and anestrus stages. Functional analysis of FSTL3 was performed in primary granulosa cells (GCs) of sheep. The concentration of E2 increased significantly after RNAi interference of FSTL3, while the P4 level decreased. FSTL3 can decrease P4 levels, which might be involved in mediating oestrous cycle in sheep.     

Movement behaviour of large female yellow European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in a freshwater polder area

Due to a recruitment decline of more than 90% in 30 years, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) has been classified by IUCN as critically endangered. Although the species has been studied intensively to obtain knowledge to improve management, studies about the resident yellow stage are relatively scarce. In this study, 52 large female yellow eels were tagged with acoustic transmitters in a Belgian polder system and tracked by a network of 23 automatic listening stations. We studied both circadian and seasonal movement patterns and the effect of environmental variables on these patterns. Large female yellow eels were most active at night in late summer and early autumn. A generalised linear mixed model showed that their movement is only slightly influenced by environmental variables. Moreover, as yellow eels show high site fidelity (i.e., the majority was detected only in the habitat type of their catch‐release location), they do not encounter many human‐induced connectivity problems in polder systems, which makes these systems highly suitable as eel growth habitat. These results can contribute to an effective eel management regarding habitat protection and restoration.     

昆明长水国际机场鳞翅目昆虫种群初探

对2018年1~12月昆明长水国际机场东西跑道外侧草坪的鳞翅目昆虫进行了调查,结果发现:该目昆虫具有明显季节差异,种类和数量均是夏季最多,秋季其次,冬、春季相对较少。生境分析表明,鳞翅目昆虫对生境依赖有一定差异,故提出了清除草坪内开花植物或种植不开花植物,从而减少昆虫多样性,降低鸟类到草坪觅食及鸟击概率的建议。     

A stochastic surplus production model in continuous time

Surplus production modelling has a long history as a method for managing data‐limited fish stocks. Recent advancements have cast surplus production models as state‐space models that separate random variability of stock dynamics from error in observed indices of biomass. We present a stochastic surplus production model in continuous time (SPiCT), which in addition to stock dynamics also models the dynamics of the fisheries. This enables error in the catch process to be reflected in the uncertainty of estimated model parameters and management quantities. Benefits of the continuous‐time state‐space model formulation include the ability to provide estimates of exploitable biomass and fishing mortality at any point in time from data sampled at arbitrary and possibly irregular intervals. We show in a simulation that the ability to analyse subannual data can increase the effective sample size and improve estimation of reference points relative to discrete‐time analysis of aggregated annual data. Finally, subannual data from five North Sea stocks are analysed with particular focus on using residual analysis to diagnose model insufficiencies and identify necessary model extensions such as robust estimation and incorporation of seasonality. We argue that including all known sources of uncertainty, propagation of that uncertainty to reference points and checking of model assumptions using residuals are critical prerequisites to rigorous fish stock management based on surplus production models.     

基于GIS与RS的北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变

研究北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变特征,对加强屏障带建设、改善生态环境具有重要意义。以北方防沙屏障带为研究区,根据2005、2010、2015年MODIS遥感影像,将北方防沙屏障带生态系统类型划分为森林、草地、湿地、农田、城镇、荒漠和裸地7类。采用空间统计、转移矩阵、景观指数分析法、PNTIL模型等方法,对北方防沙屏障带2005—2015年生态系统类型时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明,2005—2015年北方防沙屏障带生态系统整体呈稳定状态;从分屏障带看,内蒙古防沙屏障带荒漠面积明显减少,塔里木防沙屏障带森林面积迅速增加,而河西走廊防沙屏障带草地面积明显增加;从正/逆转换方向来看,屏障带内农田、城镇、荒漠及裸地生态系统正向转换率高于逆向转换率。10年间,在景观水平上,北方防沙屏障带斑块数量、斑块密度呈减少趋势;在类型水平上荒漠景观整体呈现破碎化萎缩的趋势特征,森林、草地向形状简单化的方向发展。研究表明,2005—2015年,北方防沙屏障带生态总体向好,治沙效果明显,但局部仍面临较大压力。     

江西省水资源利用时空变化特征及区域差异

[目的] 定量研究2008—2017年江西省水资源利用时空变化特征以及各项水资源指标的区域差异，为水资源可持续利用提供参考依据。[方法] 基于2008—2017年江西省自然、社会经济以及水资源资料，利用变差系数、泰尔系数和空间分级分类法，从时间维度和空间维度分析了江西省2008—2017年水资源时空分布特征，并采用“竹笋”七色差异评价法对江西省各项水资源指标的区域差异进行研究。[结果] 南昌市2008—2017年水资源开发利用相对处于一个较高的水平，年均水资源开发利用率达到46%，处于不健康状态，而整个江西省平均开发利用率不到25%，水资源状况呈现健康的状态；江西省2008—2017年工业用水和农业水量分布差异较大，11市的生活用水和总用水空间分布差异较小；江西省2008—2017年人均水资源和地均水资源区域差异的差异值小于380，处于“竹笋”七色模型的稳定区，2008—2017年期间波动小。[结论] 整体来看江西省各市水资源禀赋差异性较大，要综合多个因素，深度剖析各个地区的水资源各类指标，比如人口数量、气候、环境、地形、文化差异等，因地制宜，才能使水资源真正为社会经济的可持续发展服务，达到人与水环境的协调统一。     

花椒叶黄酮含量的变化及其与气象因子的关系研究

采用超声波辅助提取法和紫外分光光度法分析测定了狮子头、美凤椒、秦安1号花椒叶片5-9月总黄酮含量。结果表明，不同品种的花椒叶片总黄酮含量存在差异（P＜0.05），表现出狮子头＞美凤椒＞秦安1号。花椒叶总黄酮存在显著的季节变化和年际变化（P＜0.05）。在生长季，6-8月总黄酮含量较高，狮子头、美凤椒和秦安1号平均含量分别为18.02、15.35、12.06 mg·g^-1。同时，花椒叶总黄酮含量与日照百分率、降水量和空气湿度相关显著（P＜0.05），与当月的日照百分率呈负相关，与上月的降水量和当月的空气湿度呈正相关。     

基于有限混合模型的山东海域口虾蛄群体体长结构分析

个体大小是渔业资源种群的重要结构特征,一般研究中采用平均个体体长或平均体质量等分析指标,难以充分反应具有多年龄结构和个体生长速度差异的种群组成差异。为研究口虾蛄个体大小组成的时空变化,实验根据山东海域2016年10月和2017年1、5、8月的底拖网调查数据,应用有限混合模型分析了不同性别、不同时间、不同水深口虾蛄个体大小的频率分布特征。结果发现,除秋季外,山东海域口虾蛄均可区分为高、低两个年龄组,同时雌雄体长分布具有一定的差异。从冬季到夏季,雌性口虾蛄中低龄组个体比例先下降后上升,雄性口虾蛄低龄比例则逐渐下降。就不同水深而言,口虾蛄低龄组个体主要集中在近海海域,其比例由近海向远海逐渐减小。各年龄组的近远海分布表现出季节性差异,春季高龄口虾蛄在近海比例最大,由近海向远海比例逐渐减小;夏季高龄组口虾蛄在20～30 m水深比例最大;冬季高龄组口虾蛄比例则由近海向远海逐渐增加。有限混合模型能够较好地对口虾蛄的体长结构进行分析,解析口虾蛄不同年龄组在山东海域的时空分布,对于深入了解口虾蛄种群分布动态和科学的渔业管理具有重要意义。